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\begin{document}

\title{Responses of carbon sequestration services to multiple soil and water
conservation projects in Yanhe Basin, Loess Plateau}



\author[1]{Jianxiang Zhang}%
\author[1]{Yafeng Wang}%
\author[1]{Jian Sun}%
\author[1]{Junhe Chen}%
\author[1]{Jingtian Zhang}%
\author[2]{Dong Wang}%
\author[1]{Huangyu Huo}%
\author[1]{Eryuan Liang}%
\affil[1]{Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences}%
\affil[2]{Longdong University}%


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  \date{May 24, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Ecosystem carbon sequestration services (CSSs) are the most important
ecosystem services (ESs) to mitigate global warming. Multiple soil and
water conservation projects (SWCPs) have been implemented to restore
disturbed ecosystems on the Loess Plateau, China. However, responses of
CSSs to SWCPs are unclear due to trade-offs between CSSs and other ESs.
Here, we quantified key ESs (i.e. carbon sequestration, water yield,
soil conservation and crop production) and the spatio-temporal trade-off
relationships by using RS/GIS techniques and ecosystem modeling in the
Yanhe Basin, Loess Plateau, during 1990-2020. Additionally, the
structural equation model (SEM) was used to estimate the direct and
indirect inflences of multiple SWCPs including check dams, terraces and
Grain for Green (GFG) on CSSs. Results show that CSSs has improved to
457 t/ha in 2020, which was twice compared to 1990. Here in, 57\% of
CSSs changes were explained by ESs and SWCPs. That is, water yield
(-77\%), soil conservation (76\%), crop production (22\%), GFG (80\%),
check dams (16\%), and terraces (-72\%), respectively. In order to
balance trade-offs among ESs, GFG project with a focus on vegetation
protection need to be prioritised, followed by check dams, and
non-agricultural terraces such as
{[}reverse-slope~level~terrace{]}(http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&profile=ehost\&scope=site\&authtype=crawler\&jrnl=10019332\&asa=Y\&AN=63484555\&h=G6mLycMgNlOVPgRoCYkOUk10bJVLBylqio15fIxfweqCrJzP5PEtwMoYDxnyvIpHMRMXk\%2BO8V2wSOuIGuR9DpA\%3D\%3D\&crl=c)s
and fish-scale pits. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of
how interacting processes of human activities at small catchments scales
to influence carbon sequestration, and promote sustainable utlization of
ESs in hill and gully regions of the Loess Plateau.%
\end{abstract}%



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\verb`Main_Document.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/481132/articles/568313-responses-of-carbon-sequestration-services-to-multiple-soil-and-water-conservation-projects-in-yanhe-basin-loess-plateau}

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