FIGURE LEGENDS
Figure 1. Sampling sites of ticks in northeastern China. The
number of ticks collected at each site was marked, and species was shown
by different colors. Yellow, Ixodes persulcatus ; Green,Dermacentor silvarum ; Brown, Haemaphysalis concinna ;
Orange, Haemaphysalis japonica .
Figure 2. Viral presence and abundance across the libraries.(A) Viral number identified in each library. (B) Heatmap based on the
normalized numbers of sequence reads for 8 viral families and one
unclassified RNA virus in each library. Tick species and location
information were listed at the bottom, and names of the viral families
and species were indicated on the left. Log10 relative
abundance of the viruses in each species in each location were indicated
as a heat map ranging from low (blue) to high (red) based on the
normalized average viral genome size and total sequencing reads in each
library. The libraries from XXAM, DXAM, and CBM are marked with blue,
red, and black, respectively.
Figure 3. Phylogenetic analyses of flaviviruses. Phylogenetic
trees were constructed based on the RdRp sequence of representative
viruses in the family Flaviviridae (A), the segment 3 of ALSV and
other representative viral strains in the Jingmenvirus group (B), the E
protein of TBEV in NE China (C), and the RdRp of BLTV4 (D). All the
viruses obtained in ticks here were highlighted in red. In panel A,
closest referenced viruses were highlighted in bold font, and the virus
genera or groups were marked with different colors of background. In
panel B, ALSV isolated from humans were marked with blue. ALSV were
highlighted with light green background. The host tick species of the
viruses and the countries that the viruses discovered were also labeled.
In panel C, TBEV isolated from CBM and XXAM were marked with blue-filled
circles, while strains found in DXAM were marked with red-filled
circles. In panel D, the strain names of BLTV4 were labeled. The host
tick species and the countries that BLTV4 discovered were also marked.
ALSV, Alongshan virus; TKCV, Takachi virus; XJTV, Xinjiang tick virus;
YGTV, Yanggou tick virus; HLJTV, Heilongjiang tick virus; JMTV, Jingmen
tick virus; GXTV, Guangxi tick virus; TBEV, Tick-borne encephalitis
virus; BLTV4, Bole tick virus 4. The accession numbers of the viral
sequences are shown in Supplementary Tables S3 and S4.
Figure 4. Phylogenetic analyses of nairoviruses. Phylogenetic
trees were constructed based on the RdRp protein sequences of
representative viruses in the Nairoviridae family (A), the S
segment of JANV and SGLV (B), and the S segment of BJNV and YCNV (C).
All the viruses obtained in ticks here were highlighted in red, and the
closest referenced viruses were also highlighted in bold font. In panel
B and C, viral strains identified in this study were marked with
red-filled circles, while strains found in humans were marked with
blue-filled circles. JANV, Ji’an nariovirus; SGLV, Songling virus;
TCTV1, Tacheng tick virus 1; SXTV2, Shanxi tick virus 2; HNTV, Henan
tick virus; YCNV, Yichun nariovirus; BJNV, Beiji nariovirus; GKTV,
Gakugsa tick virus; PTV, Pustyn virus; NWNV1, Norway nairovirus 1; GTV,
Grotenhout virus. The accession numbers of the viral sequences are shown
in Supplementary Tables S3 and S4.
Figure 5 . Phylogenetic analyses of phleboviruses.Phylogenetic trees constructed based on the RdRp sequences of
representative viruses in the family Phenuiviridae (A), the S
segment of MKWV and MJPV (B), and the S segment of STPV and OTPV (C).
All the viruses obtained in ticks here were highlighted in red, and the
closest referenced viruses were highlighted in bold font. Abbreviations:
MKWV, Mukawa virus; KYV, Kuriyama virus; MJPV, Mudanjiang phlebovirus;
BTPV1, Blacklegged tick phlebovirus-1; NWPV1, Norway phlebovirus 1;
STPV, Sara tick phlebovirus; OTPV, Onega tick phlebovirus. The accession
numbers of the viral sequences are shown in Supplementary Table S3 and
S4.
Figure 6. Phylogenetic analyses of rhabdoviruses. Phylogenetic
trees constructed based on the RdRp sequences of representative viruses
in the family Rhabdoviridae (A), the RdRp sequences of novel
identified Tahe rhabdoviruses (B). All the viruses obtained in ticks
here were highlighted in red, and the closest referenced viruses were
also highlighted in bold font. Abbreviations: THRV1, Tahe rhabdovirus 1;
THRV2, Tahe rhabdovirus 2; THRV3, Tahe rhabdovirus 3; OTPV, Onega tick
phlebovirus; NWMV1: Norway mononegavirus 1; MLV: Manly virus; HPTV3:
Huangpi tick virus 3; BLTV2: Bole tick virus 2; Tacheng tick virus 3:
TCTV3; WHTV1: Wuhan tick virus 1; XZDV1: Xinzhou dimarhabdovirus virus
1. The accession numbers of the viral sequences are shown in
Supplementary Tables S3 and S4.
Figure 7. Phylogenetic analyses of chuviruses. Phylogenetic
trees were constructed based on the RdRp sequences of representative
viruses in the family Chuviridae (A), the RdRp sequences of NUMV
(B) and JLCV (C). All the viruses obtained in ticks here were
highlighted in red, and the closest referenced viruses were also
highlighted in bold font. In panel B, NUMV viral strains discovered from
ticks were marked with red-filled circles, while strains found in
tick-bite patients were marked with blue-filled circles. Abbreviations:
NUMV, Nuomin virus; YCMV, Yichun mivirus. The accession numbers of the
viral sequences are shown in Supplementary Tables S3 and S4.
Figure 8. Phylogenetic analyses of partitiviruses. Phylogenetic
trees constructed based on the RdRp protein sequences of representative
viruses in the family Partitiviridae (A), the RdRp protein
sequences of JPLV1 (B). All the viruses obtained in ticks here were
highlighted in red, and the closest referenced viruses were also
highlighted in bold font. Abbreviations:
JPLV1, Jilin partiti-like virus
1; NPLV1, Norway partiti-like virus 1. The accession numbers of the
viral sequences are shown in Supplementary Tables S3 and S4.
Figure 9. Phylogenetic analyses of tombusviruses. Phylogenetic
trees were constructed based on the RdRp sequences of representative
viruses in the family Tombusviridae (A), the RdRp sequences of
FTLV (B). All the viruses obtained in ticks here were highlighted in
red, and the closest referenced viruses were also highlighted in bold
font. Abbreviations: FTLV,
Fangzheng tombus-like virus. The accession numbers of the viral
sequences are shown in Supplementary Tables S3 and S4.
Figure 10. Phylogenetic analyses of Solemoviruses. Phylogenetic
trees were constructed based on the RdRp sequences of representative
viruses in the familySolemoviridae (A), the
RdRp sequence of ISAV1 and XTAV1 (B), the RdRp sequence of JLLV2 (C).
All the viruses obtained in ticks here were highlighted in red, and the
closest referenced viruses were also highlighted in bold font.
Abbreviations: ISAV1, Ixodes scapularis associated virus 1;
XTAV1, Xinjiang tick associated virus 1; NLLV3, Norway luteo-like virus
3; ADTV, American dog tick associated virus-1; JLLV2, Jilin luteo-like
virus 2; NLLV2, Norway luteo-like virus 2. The accession numbers of the
viral sequences are shown in Supplementary Tables S3 and S4.
Figure 11. Phylogenetic analysis of ISAV3. All the viruses
obtained in ticks here were highlighted in red, and the closest
referenced viruses were highlighted in bold font. The tick host and
collection country of the virus strain were also marked. ISAV3, Ixodes
scapularis associated virus 3; ISAV4, Ixodes scapularis associated virus
4; XTAV2, Xinjiang tick associated virus 2; ADTV, ISAV3, American dog
tick associated virus 2. The accession numbers of the viral sequences
used in the trees are shown in Supplementary Table S3 and S4.