3.1.1 GHB-induced seizure model
In rhesus monkeys, Low doses of GHB (100–200 mg/kg) caused a low-voltage slowing of the EEG and tiredness. An ongoing activity with 2-3 Hz high-voltage slow waves was visible in the EEG at a dose of 400 mg/kg [36] . Rats have by far the finest documentation of any animal for GHB effects. In Wistar rats, systemic treatment of GHB (25–100 mg/kg) increased slow-wave sleep, which continued for up to 4 hours. Instead, higher doses (200 mg/kg) were reported to elicit two distinct forms of activity in Wistar rats, which were distinguished from one another both behaviorally and EEG [37] . Initially, the EEG showed occasional bursts or brief (5-8 seconds) episodes of hypersynchronous 5- 6 Hz “spikes and waves.”
Advantages: Humans, nonhuman primates like rhesus monkeys, and rodents like rats and mice have all been used in scientific studies. Cross-species comparisons can highlight similarities in pathophysiology
Disadvantages: Seizures brought on by GHB might not entirely reflect the complexity and features of seizures experienced by people with epilepsy.
3.1.2: PTZ-induced seizure model: Wistar rats weighing around 200 – 250 g are taken for the seizure model. They were injected with 20 mg/kg of PTZ intraperitoneally. SWD characterizes the absence of seizure activity in rats as in humans [29] .