2.2.3 Optogenetics
Optogenetics is a method for activating or inhibiting neurons using
light-sensitive ion channels. Three separate in vivo mouse models of
epilepsy have recently used this technology to demonstrate its
effectiveness. Principal neurons were transfected with a lentiviral
vector containing halo rhodopsin in the rat tetanus toxin injection
model. Epileptiform EEG activity was reduced when 561 nm light was shone
on the transfected cells. Reduced high-frequency power and event
frequency were also seen, related to bursts of activity in human
epilepsy [35] . Table 1
Advantages: This molecular therapy strategy uses the ability
of these opsins to control how neurons react to light, providing a
biologically relevant approach for investigation and future
therapeutic interventions.
Disadvantages: Opsins, which are light-sensitive ion channels
or pumps, are essential to Optogenetics. Opsin-deficient cells are
insensitive to optogenetic control. Expensive to test in small
set-ups.