2.2.3 Optogenetics
Optogenetics is a method for activating or inhibiting neurons using light-sensitive ion channels. Three separate in vivo mouse models of epilepsy have recently used this technology to demonstrate its effectiveness. Principal neurons were transfected with a lentiviral vector containing halo rhodopsin in the rat tetanus toxin injection model. Epileptiform EEG activity was reduced when 561 nm light was shone on the transfected cells. Reduced high-frequency power and event frequency were also seen, related to bursts of activity in human epilepsy [35] . Table 1
Advantages: This molecular therapy strategy uses the ability of these opsins to control how neurons react to light, providing a biologically relevant approach for investigation and future therapeutic interventions.
Disadvantages: Opsins, which are light-sensitive ion channels or pumps, are essential to Optogenetics. Opsin-deficient cells are insensitive to optogenetic control. Expensive to test in small set-ups.