Figure 3: Consistency of direct and indirect genetic effects on gene expression across tissues and castes. Venn diagrams show significant (FDR < 0.1) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) arising from pairwise comparisons representing (A ) direct genetic effects and (B ) indirect genetic effects in distinct tissues and castes. Generalized linear models were used to assess the effects of (C ) supergene genotype (SB/SB [BB] versus SB/Sb [Bb]; direct genetic effect) and (D ) social environment (polygyne versus monogyne; indirect genetic effect) among both tissues and castes, with log2(expression ratio) and significance values generated from these models shown in volcano plots. Between panels C and D is a portion of panel C shown with significance scaled as in panel D.