Table 5. The rate of dissimilarity among species composition across all possible plot pairs along the spatial or environmental gradient in East Asia. The “*”, “**”, and “***” represent p ≤ 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively. (Note: MAT = mean annual temperature, MTCM = mean temperature of the coldest months, EMT = extreme minimum temperature, MAP = mean annual precipitation, SOC = soil organic carbon, and SBD = soil bulk density.)