Conclusion
The patterns of soil fauna species turnover increased significantly with increasing latitude and environment differences in East Asia. Our results supported the hypothesis that the effect of environmental processes was more important than the effect of neutral processes on species turnover of soil faunas. However, the mechanisms underlying such patterns of species turnover may differ among phytophage and predacity faunas. Environmental processes explained more variation for turnover of both phytophage and predacity species. Climatic factors in environmental processes explained more variation for turnover of phytophage faunas, and soil and environment factors explained the variation equally for the turnover of predacity soil faunas on a large scale. Therefore, phytophage and predacity species with different functional traits and trophic levels should receive different protection strategies in maintaining and promoting soil biodiversity and ecosystem services on a large scale.