Postoperative opioid consumption at 24 hours
The postoperative opioid consumption was evaluated in 13 studies. There was an ESP block group in two studies, a PIF block group in six studies, and a TTMP block in five studies. No data were available on the PECS I block for this outcome.
All the RA techniques included were statistically significant in reducing postoperative opioid consumption at 24 hours, expressed as morphine milligram equivalents (MME). The ESP block was the most effective treatment (-22.93 MME [-34.29;-11.56]). A forest plot of this outcome is shown in Fig. 3.
Using the GRADE assessment, the quality of evidence was rated low or very low (Table 2).