Introduction:
Brucellosis is an endemic disease in many developing countries and is a
zoonotic infection of Brucella spp. mainly B. abortus and B.
melitensis.1 Contaminated dairy consumption or contact
with an infected animal is responsible for infecting
humans.2 The variability in clinical presentations,
including fluctuated fever, sweating, arthralgia, myalgia, back pain,
and hepatomegaly, is commonly implicated in the differential
diagnosis.3
Cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous system dysfunction, hepatitis,
and osteoarthritis are the most known complications of brucellosis.
Although Zheng et al. reported that the incidence of respiratory
involvement in brucellosis is about 13%, which may represent cough,
pneumonia (or bronchial pneumonia), pleural effusion, pulmonary
embolism, or even respiratory failure, most previous studies announced
respiratory involvement as a rare complication.4 Here,
we present an extremely rare case of brucella pleurisy in a 40-year-old
man with low-grade fever, arthralgia, and chest pain.