Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Climate Change Adaptation Research Program of the National Institute for Environmental Studies in Japan. We thank Dr. K. Kobayashi and Dr. Y. Masutomi for critical reading of the manuscript and for their valuable comments; Dr. H. Taneda for the support in the quantification of leaf nitrogen content; Dr. T. Inoue and Dr. Y. Akaji for their support in the analysis of the biochemical and morphological traits; Mr. A. Kawada, Mr. Y. Suzuki, Mr. J. Arai, Ms. H. Yaguchi, and Mr. H. Okayasu for their support in rice cultivation; and Mr. Y. Yamao for technical support in the O3 exposure treatment of rice plants.