Species relative abundance
Papio Anubis and Cercopithecus aethiops were the most recorded and Panthera Leo , Panthera pardus, Leptailurus serval, Civettictis civetta, Canis adustuss , and Orycteropus afer were the least recorded mammal species in the study area. The low abundance (frequency of records) of carnivores might be associated with their nocturnal behavior. As described by Wolf and Ripple (2018), Gebresenbet et al ., (2018), Lemma and Tekalign (2020), and Worku and Girma (2020), most carnivore species are solitary, nocturnal and crepuscular so that their presence could not be easily documented. Similarly, Alves et al ., (2014) and Abdu et al ., (2020) identified that the low frequency of commentary for carnivores could be due to their nocturnal habits, with the avoidance of their visualization as they are shy, and the inaccessibility of the night survey in the study area. The present study contradicts the hypothesized trend of a higher frequency of records during the wet season than the dry season because of resource availability. For example, the variety of archive species of mammals recorded during the dry season exceeds the record recorded during the rainy season. In addition, many species of Arjo Diga forest such as Phacochoerus Africanus, Potamochaerus larvatus, Sylvicapra, grimmia, Canis, adustus, Lepus habissincus, Heliosciurus gambianus, Hitrix cristata, Colobus guerza and Civettictis civetta recorded records in a lower frequency of records during the wet season as compared with the dry period. In contrast, Mellivora capensis and Canis adustus were recorded in the highest frequency in the wet weather compared to the dry season. This is is often in keeping with the work of Kasso and Bekele (2017) and Geboet al ., (2021) in the dense jungle of Assela, Ethiopia, and within the countries of Faragosa Fura, Gamo Zone, and Southern Ethiopia respectively. However, disagrees with the work of Worku and Girma (2020) and Bakala & Mekonen (2020) in the Geremba forest of Southern Ethiopia and Adaba Community Forest, West Arsi Zone, Southeast Ethiopia respectively where more mammalian species were observed during the wet period than the dry season. The possible explanation for this could be the growth of herbaceous and ground vegetation providing thick cover for the mammalian species, which makes the sighting of them difficult (Girmaet al ., 2012; Qufa & Bekele, 2019; Diriba et al ., 2020; Girma & Worku, 2020). Furthermore, earlier research in different parts of Ethiopia found out that mammalian species diversity is frequently excessive in areas where there are sufficient food sources and volume of habitat and to be had water sources (Yimer and Yirga, 2013). However, the much less range of mammalian species in plantation habitats all through both seasons became in all likelihood related to the presence of a greater anthropogenic effects than the herbal forest. The herbal woodland is notably ways from human settlement so that human effect was minimal. Therefore, with the findings of the prevailing study, the viable causes for this will be ant bites and human disturbances happening extra throughout the wet season than inside the dry season, especially inside the woodland region. Similarly, human activities, along with agricultural activities, tended to be excessive at some point of the rainy season; this contributed to the discount of mammals’ vision. Furthermore, heavy rainfall at some point of the wet season, which certainly complements the regeneration and increase of herbaceous flora and groundwater, might also offer for the animals, making them tough to spot. According to Girma et al ., (2011), the excessive rain during the wet season can be attributed to terrible viewing of animals due to flora outgrowth which is just like this look at.