Figure 3. Funnel plot for the evaluation of publication bias
The solid vertical line represents the summary estimate of the association between preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age status and gestational diabetes (using random-effects meta-analysis). A significant publication bias was detected (p  = 0.030 for Egger’s test). The funnel plot shows asymmetry, which indicates publication bias.
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Table 1. Characteristics of the included studies