The estimated speed (average displacement distance), directionality (cosine (turning angle) β coefficient), and step length (step length β coefficient) for all female (top) and male deer (bottom) across all seasons in natural and urban landcover types. Parameter estimates were derived from model 4. Boxplots with 95% confidence intervals are shown with the bootstrapped point estimates from each individual model. The transparency of the points and 95% confidence interval lines display the inverse variance values for each coefficient estimate where darker points indicate more certain estimates with higher inverse variance values.