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\begin{document}

\title{Different transpiration and growth patterns of the black locust
plantation and natural oak forest on China's Loess Plateau}



\author[1]{Sheng Du}%
\author[2]{Jinlin Lyu}%
\author[1]{Guoqing Li}%
\author[3]{Kyoichi Otsuki}%
\author[4]{Norikazu Yamanaka}%
\author[2]{Yuchao Wang}%
\author[2]{Ming Yue}%
\affil[1]{Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University}%
\affil[2]{Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province}%
\affil[3]{Kyushu University}%
\affil[4]{Arid Land Research Center}%


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  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Restoration of natural secondary forests and afforestation of introduced
tree species are major effective measures for revegetation. The
semi-arid Loess Plateau region, characterized by fragile ecosystems and
severe soil erosion, is a key area for ecological restoration and
protection in China. To illustrate water use characteristics and
adaptation to drought in the main forests in this area, we monitored the
xylem sap flow of two typical forest communities, a secondary natural
forest dominated by oak ( \emph{Quercus liaotungensis}) and a pure
plantation of black locust ( \emph{Robinia pseudoacacia}), during
2011-2019 using Granier-type thermal dissipation probes. Solar
radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and soil
water content were measured simultaneously. Throughout the whole study
period, the mean diameter at breast height and total sapwood area
increased by 4.5 cm and 1.10 m \textsuperscript{2} ha
\textsuperscript{-1} in the oak forest and by 1.0 cm and 0.22 m
\textsuperscript{2} ha \textsuperscript{-1}, respectively, in the black
locust plantation. The monthly stand transpiration was jointly
determined by phenological and meteorological factors. At the annual
timescale, transpiration of the oak stand was significantly correlated
with potential evapotranspiration and rainfall in the previous year,
whereas a significant positive relationship was detected between stand
transpiration and soil water content in the black locust stand. The
analyses of differences between dry and wet years showed that, the oak
forest exhibited significantly different parameters in the regression
analysis of stand transpiration to vapor pressure deficit. While only
one parameter was clearly distinct in the black locust plantation,
suggesting that its transpiration status did not fully recover even in
wet years. The management of black locust plantations with weakened
growth conditions should be adjusted under prolonged drought conditions.
In contrast, oak forest can maintain the water balance and stable growth
by efficiently controlling stomatal behavior.%
\end{abstract}%



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