1. *P <0.05; **P <0.01; ***P <0.001
  2. Model 3: Adjustment for age, sex, race, income, smoke status, BMI, diabetes mellitus, family history of CVD, antihypertensive medications use, AV nodal drug use, cancer, HDL cholesterol, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, QRS duration, P-wave duration, corrected QT interval, Negative P-wave V1.