Other variables
The data on age, sex, race and household income were obtained during the in-home interview. Race was categorized as white and others. Income was dichotomized as < $20K/year and ≥ $20K/year. Smoking status was obtained through the corresponding questionnaire and analyzed as a 2-level categorical variable (current and other). Body mass index (BMI) was defined as the weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared. The history of some diseases such as cancer and diabetes mellitus (DM) was self-reported. Family history of CVD and the use of antihypertensive as well as atrioventricular nodal drug including β-blocker or dihydropyridine calcium blocker information were also obtained through self-report. Blood pressure was the average of six measurements (three in-home measurements and three mobile center measurements). Total serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were measured enzymatically.