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\begin{document}

\title{Using surface environmental DNA to assess arthropod biodiversity within
a forested ecosystem}



\author[1]{Michael Allen}%
\author[1]{Julie Lockwood}%
\author[1]{Robert Kwait}%
\author[1]{Anthony Vastano}%
\author[1]{Donnie Peterson}%
\author[1]{Leon Tkacenko}%
\author[2]{Jordan Angle}%
\author[3]{Benjamin Jaffe}%
\affil[1]{Rutgers The State University of New Jersey}%
\affil[2]{ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company}%
\affil[3]{ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc}%


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  \date{May 28, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Terrestrial arthropods are abundant and diverse with outsized ecological
and economic importance. Our ability to monitor this diversity is
hampered by the variety of sampling techniques and taxonomic expertise
required to catalog the species in an area. DNA metabarcoding approaches
show promise but have mainly been limited to trapping studies where DNA
is extracted from captured individuals. Here we illustrate the promise
of terrestrial plant surfaces as reservoirs of environmental DNA (eDNA)
that is rich in arthropod biodiversity information. We posit that
collection of surface eDNA will enable easier and more rapid arthropod
inventories. We collected 40 paired samples using two novel terrestrial
surface eDNA sampling techniques -- `roller' tree bark and `spray'
foliage sampling -- in a New Jersey, USA pine barrens forest.
Metabarcoding using two primer sets (COI and 16S) revealed the presence
of 177 arthropod families (from 21 orders), representing 80\% of the
family-level diversity expected in the area based on accumulation
curves. Spray samples revealed more families than roller (148 vs. 126),
while the two methods showed distinct, though overlapping, community
composition. The two primer sets revealed similar alpha diversity,
although they also captured different taxonomic subsets. A more limited
comparison of roller and spray sampling with traditional aquatic and
soil eDNA samples revealed a greater family diversity in surface
samples, especially compared with soil. Our study highlights the value
of eDNA metabarcoding surveys for achieving the elusive goal of rapid,
cost-effective arthropod inventories, and thus realizing a range of
ecological research and management goals.%
\end{abstract}%



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