3.4 Manual Annotation of circadian genes of C. japonica
To explore the potential mechanism of diapause of C. japonica , we
manually annotated two diapause related genes (DH-PBAN andPTTH ) and four circadian rhythm genes (cry1 , cry2 ,per and tim ) in C. japonica and other nine insects
(Table 3). cry1 has two copies in S. frugiperda , but only
one copy in other insects. We did not annotate DH-PBAN andPTTH in D. plexippus and P. xylostella , whilePTTH is present in almost all Bombycoidea insects, except forA. yamamai . It is worth noting that S. ricini and C.
japonica do not have per and have the same circadian genes