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\begin{document}

\title{Aeolian Changes at the InSight Landing Site on Mars: Multi-instrument
Observations}



\author[1]{Constantinos Charalambous}%
\author[1]{John McClean}%
\author[2]{Mariah MacQueen Baker}%
\author[3]{Tom Pike}%
\author[4]{Matthew P. Golombek}%
\author[5]{Mark T Lemmon}%
\author[6]{Véronique Ansan}%
\author[7]{Clement Perrin}%
\author[8]{Aymeric Spiga}%
\author[9]{Ralph D. Lorenz}%
\author[10]{Maria Elaine Banks}%
\author[11]{Sebastien Rodriguez}%
\author[12]{Naomi Murdoch}%
\author[13]{Catherine M. Weitz}%
\author[14]{John A. Grant}%
\author[15]{Nicholas Hale Warner}%
\author[16]{Ingrid Justine Daubar}%
\author[17]{Ernst Hauber}%
\author[1]{Alexander E Stott}%
\author[18]{Catherine L. Johnson}%
\author[19]{Anna Magdalena Mittelholz}%
\author[20]{Tristram Warren}%
\author[21]{Sara Navarro López}%
\author[21]{Luis Mora Sotomayor}%
\author[22]{Justin N. Maki}%
\author[23]{Antoine Lucas}%
\author[24]{Donald Banfield}%
\author[25]{Claire Newman}%
\author[26]{Daniel Viúdez-Moreiras}%
\author[27]{Jorge Pla-García}%
\author[28]{Philippe Henri Lognonné}%
\author[29]{William Bruce Banerdt}%
\affil[1]{Imperial College London}%
\affil[2]{Johns Hopkins University}%
\affil[3]{Imperial College}%
\affil[4]{California Institute of Technology/JPL}%
\affil[5]{Space Science Institute}%
\affil[6]{Université de Nantes}%
\affil[7]{Institut De Physique Du Globe De Paris}%
\affil[8]{Sorbonne Université (Faculté des Sciences)}%
\affil[9]{Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab}%
\affil[10]{NASA Goddard Space Flight Center}%
\affil[11]{Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Paris-Diderot}%
\affil[12]{ISAE SUPAERO}%
\affil[13]{Planetary Science Institute}%
\affil[14]{Smithsonian Institution}%
\affil[15]{SUNY Geneseo}%
\affil[16]{Brown University}%
\affil[17]{DLR}%
\affil[18]{University of British Columbia}%
\affil[19]{The University of British Columbia}%
\affil[20]{Oxford University}%
\affil[21]{Centro de Astrobiología}%
\affil[22]{Jet Propulsion Lab (NASA)}%
\affil[23]{IPGP}%
\affil[24]{Cornell}%
\affil[25]{Aeolis Research}%
\affil[26]{Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC)}%
\affil[27]{Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA)}%
\affil[28]{Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris et Université de Paris Diderot}%
\affil[29]{Jet Propulsion Laboratory}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 24, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Orbital and surface observations demonstrate that aeolian activity is
occurring on Mars. Here we report the aeolian changes observed in situ
by NASA's InSight lander during the first 400 sols of operations.
Aeolian changes include creep of grains with diameters of up to 3 mm,
dust removal, dark trails left by passing vortices and possible
saltation. InSight has observed such changes by using, for the first
time, simultaneous imaging and continuous, high-frequency
meteorological, seismological, and magnetic measurements. We show that
this multi-instrument combination constrains both the timing, and
specific atmospheric conditions during which, aeolian changes occur. The
observed changes are infrequent and episodic, consistently occur between
noon and 3 pm, and are systematically associated with the passage of
convective vortices. The sudden onset of peak vortex wind speeds
promotes particle motion during sequences of enhanced vortex activity
and stronger ambient winds. Aeolian changes are correlated with
excursions in ground acceleration and magnetic field strength,
suggesting vortex-induced ground deformation and charged-particle
motion.%
\end{abstract}%



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