\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Influence of permafrost type and site history on losses of permafrost
carbon after thaw}



\author[1]{Kristen Manies}%
\author[1]{Miriam C Jones}%
\author[1]{Mark P Waldrop}%
\author[2]{Mary-Cathrine Leewis}%
\author[3]{Christopher Fuller}%
\author[4]{Robert Cornman}%
\author[4]{Kristen Hoefke}%
\affil[1]{United States Geological Survey}%
\affil[2]{USGS}%
\affil[3]{US Geological Survey}%
\affil[4]{U.S. Geological Survey}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 22, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
We quantified permafrost plateau and post-thaw carbon (C) stocks across
a peatland permafrost thaw chronosequence in Interior Alaska to evaluate
the amount of C loss with thaw. Peat core macrofossil reconstructions
revealed three stratigraphic layers of peat: (1) a base layer of
fen/marsh peat, (2) forested permafrost plateau peat and, (3)
collapse-scar bog peat (at sites where permafrost thaw has occurred).
Radiocarbon dating revealed that peat initiated at all sites within the
last 2,500 years and that permafrost aggraded during the Little Ice Age
(ca. 250 -- 575 years ago) and degraded within the last several decades.
We found the timing of permafrost thaw within each feature was not
related to thaw bog size, as hypothesized. Their rate of expansion may
be more influenced by local factors, such as ground ice content and
subsurface water inputs. We found C losses due to thaw for the century
of approximately 34\% of the C available, but the absolute amount of C
lost (kg m\textsuperscript{-2}) was over 50\% lower than losses
previously described in other Alaskan peatland chronosequences. We
hypothesize that the difference stems from the process by which
permafrost aggraded, with sites that formed permafrost epigenetically
(significantly later than the majority of peat accumulation)
experiencing less C loss with thaw than sites that formed syngenetically
(simultaneously with peat accumulation). We suggest that C:N ratios can
provide a first order estimate of how much peat has been processed prior
to permafrost aggradation, helping to predict the magnitude of C loss
with thaw.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

