Chinese characters (汉字), range from simple to complicated with an increasing number of strokes. Parts of the characters are characters themselves, and sometimes carry across elements of the sound or meaning (or both) to the compound. For example 汉字 is made up of 又子宀 and 氵. The first two are commonly used characters, the second two are auxiliary glyphs that are used when writing larger characters. 宀 roughy indicates something to do with a 'roof' and 氵is a narrow form of 水 which means water. We should remember that some characters are 'simplified characters' (as opposed to traditional), so sometimes the modular components are not accurate.
When learning new Chinese characters, I find it useful to know the names (or how to pronounce) the modular components in the characters. Here I note down some common and less common small parts of characters. Some of them are meaningless (or archaic) on their own. Some characters have recurring parts, but they do not seem to have names, for example the inside of 辰, removing the 一 and the 厂. There are standard radicals, for example the Kangxi radicals.
To be sorted (interesting parts which will be documented in the list below):
广
竹