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\begin{document}

\title{Investigating the role of the Cuvette Centrale in the hydrology of the
Congo}



\author[1]{PANKYES DATOK}%
\author[1]{Clément Fabre}%
\author[1]{Sabine Sauvage}%
\author[2]{Moukandi N'kaya}%
\author[3]{Adrien Paris}%
\author[1]{Vanessa Dos-Santos}%
\author[4]{Alain Laraque}%
\author[1]{José-Miguel Sanchez -Perez}%
\affil[1]{Université de Toulouse}%
\affil[2]{Université Marien Ngouabi}%
\affil[3]{Ocean Next, Grenoble}%
\affil[4]{Institut de  Recherche pour le Développment, Toulouse}%


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  \date{May 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
15 The increasing pressure on wetland resources continues to threaten
the role wetlands play in 16 maintaining the ecological balance of
watersheds. The Cuvette Centrale of the Congo is the 17 greatest
intertropical peatland in the world. To fully understand its role in
water resources and 18 ecological services linked to the quality of
water and life in the basin, we first need to quantify 19 its role in
the hydrological dynamics. To achieve this aim, we used the Soil and
Water 20 Assessment Tool model (SWAT)-modified for tropical
environments-in combination with 21 monthly discharge data. We analyzed
water fluxes entering and flowing out of the Cuvette 22 Centrale of the
Congo River Basin on a monthly time scale for the 2000-2012 period. The
23 model was calibrated, validated, and compared with discharge from
gauging stations and 24 surface water elevation from radar altimetry.
Results showed that upland runoff from the 25 Congo River was the
highest contributor to the Cuvette Centrale (33 percent) followed
closely 26 by efficient precipitation inside the Cuvette Centrale (31
percent) with right bank and left bank 27 tributaries contributing 25
percent and 11 percent respectively. We simulated monthly mean 28
interannual inflows of approximately 34,150 m 3 s-1 (88 billion m 3)
with the main flood peaking 29 in November (45,310 m 3 s-1) and total
outflows averaging around 39,860 m 3 s-1 (100 billion 30 m 3) peaking at
52,430 m 3 s-1 in December for the simulation period. We subsequently
estimated 31 a negative monthly mean interannual variation of storage in
the Cuvette Centrale wetlands in 32 the order of 5,700 m 3 s-1
suggesting that the Cuvette Centrale supplies the river during low 33
water periods. This highlights the important regulatory function of the
Cuvette Centrale and 34 the need for protection of groundwater resources
in order to maintain wetland water quantities 35 and quality. 36%
\end{abstract}%



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