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\begin{document}

\title{The complex and spatially diverse patterns of hydrological droughts
across Europe}



\author[1]{Dhais Peña-Angulo}%
\author[2]{Sergio M Vicente-Serrano}%
\author[3]{Fernando Domínguez-Castro}%
\author[4]{Jorge Lorenzo-Lacruz}%
\author[5]{Conor Murphy}%
\author[6]{Jamie Hannaford}%
\author[7]{Richard Philip Allan}%
\author[8]{Yves Tramblay}%
\author[9]{Fergus Reig‐Gracia}%
\author[10]{Ahmed EL El-Kenawy}%
\affil[1]{Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC)}%
\affil[2]{Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, CSIC (Spanish Research Council)}%
\affil[3]{Aragonese Agency for Research and Development Researcher (ARAID); and Department of Geography}%
\affil[4]{Department of Human Sciences, University of La Rioja,}%
\affil[5]{Irish Climate Analysis and Research UnitS (ICARUS), Department of Geography, Maynooth University}%
\affil[6]{Centre for Ecology and Hydrology}%
\affil[7]{Reading University}%
\affil[8]{IRD - Hydrosciences Montpellier}%
\affil[9]{Pyrenean Institute of Ecology}%
\affil[10]{Mansoura University}%


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  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
This study presents a new dataset of gauged streamflow (N=3,224) for
Europe spanning the period 1962 to 2017. The Monthly Streamflow of
Europe Dataset (MSED) is freely available at http://msed.csic.es/. Based
on this dataset, changes in the characteristics of hydrological drought
(i.e. frequency, duration, and severity) were assessed for different
regions of Europe. Due to the density of the database, it is possible to
delimit spatial patterns in hydrological droughts trend with the
greatest detail available to date. Results reveal bidirectional changes
in monthly streamflow, with negative changes predominating over central
and southern Europe, while positive trends dominate over northern
Europe. Temporally, two dominant patterns were noted. The first pattern
corresponds to a consistent downward trend in all months, evident for
southern Europe. A second pattern was noted over central and northern
Europe and western France, with a predominant negative trend during warm
months and a positive trend in cold months. For hydrological drought
events, results suggest a positive trend toward more frequent and severe
droughts in southern and central Europe and conversely a negative trend
over northern Europe. This study emphasizes that hydrological droughts
show complex spatial patterns across Europe over the past six decades,
implying that hydrological drought behaviour in Europe has a regional
character. Accordingly it is challenging to adopt ``efficient''
strategies and policies to monitor and mitigate drought impacts at the
continental level.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`essoar.10510182.1.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/545185/articles/601944-the-complex-and-spatially-diverse-patterns-of-hydrological-droughts-across-europe}

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