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\begin{document}

\title{A Proxy for Quantitative Sea Ice Reconstruction under Complicated
Hydrodynamic Conditions: A Case Study in Prydz Bay, Antarctica}



\author[1]{Jiaqi Wu}%
\author[1]{Zhengbing Han}%
\author[2]{Gaojing Fan}%
\author[3]{Jun Zhao}%
\author[1]{Haifeng Zhang}%
\author[4]{Jianming Pan}%
\author[5]{Sohey Nihashi}%
\author[1]{Baijuan Yang}%
\author[1]{Qiuhong Zhu}%
\author[2]{Haiyan Jin}%
\author[4]{Jianfang Chen}%
\affil[1]{Second Institution of Oceanography}%
\affil[2]{Second Institute of Oceanography}%
\affil[3]{Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA}%
\affil[4]{Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration}%
\affil[5]{Department of Engineering for Innovation National Institute of Technology Tomakomai College, Tomakomai, Japan}%


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  \date{May 21, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
IPSO\textsubscript{25} and a combination of phytoplankton biomarkers and
IPSO\textsubscript{25} (termed PIPSO\textsubscript{25}) have been
proposed as qualitative sea ice proxies in Antarctica. Exploring the
effects of hydrodynamic conditions on the proxies might prompt the
development of quantitative sea ice reconstruction. We investigated the
variabilities of IPSO\textsubscript{25}, brassicasterol,
P\textsubscript{B}IPSO\textsubscript{25} (B indicates using
brassicasterol as the phytoplankton biomarker) in a sediment trap, and
the distributions of these proxies, and mean grain size and sorting (\selectlanguage{greek}σ\selectlanguage{english}),
which are indicators of hydrodynamic conditions in surface sediments
from Prydz Bay. The proxy signals in sediments decoupled with the
information from the upper layer reveal that the export of biomarkers to
sediments would be affected by the hydrodynamic conditions. Accordingly,
we normalized IPSO\textsubscript{25} and
P\textsubscript{B}IPSO\textsubscript{25} to the sorting to compensate
for different deposit environments. The accuracy of summer sea ice
reconstruction increased from ca. 23\% (based on IPSO\textsubscript{25}
or P\textsubscript{B}IPSO\textsubscript{25} alone) to 63\% (based on
P\textsubscript{B}IPSO\textsubscript{25} \selectlanguage{ngerman}×\selectlanguage{greek}σ\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{2}).%
\end{abstract}%



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