Fig. 5 Cumulative scores of risk assessment (RA) for ecosystem components (left) and services (right) in response to stressors related to marine ice loss in the Arctic (circles) and Southern Ocean (diamonds). Ecosystem components; planktic flagellates (PF), planktic diatoms (PD), ice algae (IA), microphytobenthos (MiPB), macrophytobenthos (MaPB), primarily herbivorous zooplankton (HZ), omnivorous zooplankton (OZ), ice-associated fauna (IAF), sediment sensitive macrozoobenthos (SSZB), sediment tolerant macrozoobenthos (STZB), subpolar (SFi) and polar fish (PFi), seabirds (SB), polar bears and pinnipeds (PB&P), baleen whales (W). Ecosystem services (excluding cultural); regulating: carbon storage and climate regulation (CR); supporting: genetic and biological diversity (D), nutrient cycling (NC), habitat (H), primary production (PP); provisioning: fisheries (F). See more detailed information on Table S2.
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