5 | CONCLUSION
Taken together, the digestive enzymes activities, intestinal morphology,
and intestinal microbiome composition and diversity of fish are
significantly affected by feeding habits. Accordingly, carnivorous fish
possess higher trypsin and lipase activities related to their higher
feeding habit on protein and lipid. On the contrary, herbivorous fish
species utilizes plant materials related to the higher amylase enzyme
activity. The intestinal microvilli of carnivorous fish had many
branches and complex structures to increase surface area for digestion
and absorption of digested nutrients as an adaption to the short
intestine. The feeding habits led to various adaptations of microbiota
related to the selective colonization for various biological functions.
The results provide an understanding of the different digestive
strategies of omnivorous, carnivorous, herbivorous and filter-feeder
fish to improve feed formulation for better feed utilization and
digestibility in order to enhance nutrient absorption for promoting
growth performance.