2.1 Study area profile
Located in the eastern part of Xinjiang, Komul is traversed by the
eastern Tianshan Mountains and at the 91°06′—96°23′E,40°52′—45°05′N
(Fig. 1). It covers 142,100 square kilometers in total. With 100–250 mm
of rainfall in the north, 30–50 mm in the south, and 500–600 mm in the
Tianshan Mountains, Komul has a representative continental arid climate.
However, because of the effect of the Tianshan Mountains, the climate
varies significantly from north to south. There are numerous wild
creatures, like the Capra sibirica , Gazella subgutturosa ,Panthera uncia , and Ursus arctos (Wang et al., 2023;
Abduriyim, Nabi, Halik, 2018; Abduriyim, Zibibulla, Eli, et al., 2018),
as well as birds like Milvus migrans , Podoces hendersoni ,
and Aquila chrysaetos , that call Komul home, but there are no
reports of bats.