3.12 Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEGs afterT. controversa and T. laevis infection
GO categories were developed using the GO database (http://www.geneontology.org/) in order to evaluate potential DEG functions. GO was categorized into three main domains based on their functions: biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. For T. controversa , DEGs were classified into molecular function, cellular component and biological process. Our results showed that the most significant molecular function enrichments in the “binding” and “catalytic activity”. In contrast, the most significant cellular component enrichments occurred in “membrane part”, “cell part”, “organelle” and “membrane”, while biological process enrichments were in “metabolic process” and “cellular process” (Figure S4A ) at various stages of anther development. For T. laevis , results showed that the most significant molecular function enrichments in the “catalytic activity” and “binding”. In contrast, the most significant cellular component enrichments occurred in “cell part” “organelle”, “membrane part” and “membrane”, while biological process enrichments were in “metabolic process” and “cellular process” (Figure S4B ) at various stages of anther development. When these comparative results of T. controversa and T. laevis are illustrated as Venn diagram, it is clear that both unique and shared DEGs occur between, and among, pairs (Figure S4 ). For T. controversa , 1639 DEGs in <150 μm anthers, 1706 DEGs in 150~400 μm anthers, 1277 DEGs in 400~700 μm anthers, 709 DEGs in 700~1100 μm anthers and 811 DEGs in 1100~1300 μm anthers shared with the others compared libraries respectively, moreover, 96 DEGs are shared across all comparisons (Figure 9A ). To elucidate the transcriptional changes occurring after T. controversa infection, we demonstrated the expression pattern by using hierarchical clustering analysis. There were more up-regulated genes than down-regulated genes in T. controversa -infected plants. At the same time, we found that most of these genes are related to redox reaction, chitinase, phenylpropane synthesis and MAPK signal transduction (Figure9B ). For T. laevis , For example, 11420 DEGs in <150 μm anthers, 11279 DEGs in 150~400 μm anthers, 3899 DEGs in 400~700 μm anthers, 6315 DEGs in 700~1100 μm anthers and 9322 DEGs in 1100~1300 μm anthers shared with the others compared libraries respectively, moreover, 230 DEGs are shared across all comparisons (Figure 9C ). To elucidate the transcriptional changes occurring after T. laevis infection, we demonstrated the expression pattern by using hierarchical clustering analysis. Additionally, the expression patterns of 230 DEGs shared in above five anthers growth stages were analyzed, and it was found that most genes were related to stress response, defense response and photosynthesis (Figure 9D ).