Figure 1 . (a) Distribution of the mapped rock glaciers in the West Kunlun. The red dots are manually mapped rock glaciers (290 in total), and the yellow dots represent newly identified rock glaciers by our deep learning method but were missed in the InSAR-based sub-dataset (123 in total). The background is a topographical map showing the ground coverage of ALOS-1 PALSAR data used in this study (dashed black box), with the path number of each ground track labelled aside. The dashed blue and orange boxes show the extents of the CRS permafrost survey region (Zhao and Sheng 2019), and the previous in situ investigation area (Li et al. 2012), respectively. The blue and purple stars denote the location of the Tashikurgan and Tianshuihai meteorological stations, respectively. The topography is plotted based on the 1-arcsec SRTM DEM (spatial resolution ~30 m). (b) Permafrost distribution (Zou et al. 2017) and the location of the study area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.