3.3.4 Pooled safety outcomes
Common perioperative complications include cardiac effusion, cardiac tamponade, Device migration, Device thrombus, Stroke/TIA, bleeding, hematoma, renal complications, cardiac arrest, death, et al. The data on procedural complications was available in nine clinical studies[6-8, 10-15].Complications from each study are listed independently in Supplementary Table 5 andSupplementary Table 6 . The rate of procedural complications in ICE group is similar to that of TEE group (RR:0.82; 95%CI: 0.58,1.16;P =0.261; I²=23.50%) (Figure 8 ). Sensitivity analysis was performed and the results showed no significant change in the overall combined proportion, ranging from 0.70 (95%CI:0.45,1.10) to 0.87 (95%CI:0.61,1.25). Egger’s test also showed no publication bias (P =0.696). Meanwhile, seven clinical studies were followed up and reported long-term adverse events [6-11, 14]. In terms of long-term adverse events, the ICE group showed a similar result to TEE group (RR=0.86; 95%CI: 0.64,1.16; P =0.329; I²=41.10%) (Figure9 ).