Fig. 5. The relationships between plant diversity, environmental factors, and plant and soil phenology in (A) spring, (B) summer, and (C) winter. Only significant (p <0.05) paths are shown. The black arrows indicate positive effects, while the orange arrows indicate negative effects. The arrow width is proportional to the strength of the effect, which is indicated by the standardized coefficient in the boxes on the lines. Double-arrowed arrows indicate correlated errors.