Conclusion

Our random forest models predicted that the responses of future fuel hazard to climate change depend on climate aridity as well as local topographic attributes. We reported possible fuel hazard shifts because of changing climate and Ca. These findings highlight the fact that fuel hazard patterns are the product of the interaction among climate, vegetation, and topography. Predictions based on a subset of these factors are thus unlikely to be reliable. Our framework provides a useful decision support tool for fire risk management as well as a reference for evaluating process-based model predictions.