Figure 5 NKG2D indirectly regulates dendritic cell (DC) activation. DCs from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and healthy controls were co-cultured with irradiated stimulating CD4+ T cells, including genetically modified CD4+ T cells transfected with LV-NKG2D, V-siRNA and LV-BC at the rate of 1:3 with anti-CD3 and IL-15 for 3 days. (A) Secretions of TGF-β, IL-10, IL-12 from DCs in the supernatant determined by ELISA. (B) Expression of DC surface markers CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR detected by flow cytometry. (C and D) Expression of NKG2D ligands MICA and MICB on DCs determined by flow cytometry (n = 6 each group). * P < 0.01 and # P < 0.05 for within group interaction.