Figure 4 NKG2D regulates differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Genetically modified CD4+ T cells transfected with LV-NKG2D, V-siRNA and LV-BC from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and healthy controls were co-cultured with irradiated DCs at the rate of 3:1 with anti-CD3 and interleukin (IL)-15 for 3 days. (A) Production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), IL-10 and IL-12 in the supernatant was determined by ELISA. (B and C) Subsets of CD25+Foxp3+CD4+, IL-17+CD4+, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)+CD4+, and IL-4+CD4+ T cells assayed by flow cytometry. (D) Relative expression of mRNA relative of RORc, Foxp3, T-bet and GATA3 transcription factors detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (n = 6 each group). * P < 0.01 and # P < 0.05 for within group interaction.