Q1: Fitness effects of stressors on infected and uninfected hosts
The lowest AICc model for Q1 included stressor type, response trait, and their interaction as moderators (Table S1). Our data, therefore, does not support differential effects of environmental stressors between infected and uninfected hosts (Fig. S1). The interaction between stressor type and response trait resulted primarily from a relatively negative strong effect of resource limitation on fecundity (Table S2; Fig. 2) and a relatively negative strong effect of endogenous environmental stressors on survivorship (Table S2; Fig. 2). Pollution also negatively affected survivorship (Table S2; Fig. 2), but this effect was contingent on the results of low precision studies (see Evidence of publication bias below). These contrasting effects of the three stressor types are qualitatively similar if the RVE is used instead of modeling sampling-error covariances (Fig. S2). Differences in effect sizes both within (I2 = 40.46%) and between (I2 = 53.42%) experiments contributed to relatively high total heterogeneity (I2 = 93.88%).