Summary of literature survey
Our final data set included 98 studies and 893 effects (Fig. 1). While
most studies reported the results from a single experiment, 21 studies
included between two and four experiments, resulting in a total of 122
experiments. Host taxa included arthropods (n = 20 species), molluscs (n
= 13 species), fish (n = 13 species), amphibians (n = 21 species), and a
few other vertebrates (two bird species, one reptile, and one mammal).
Parasite taxa comprised viruses (n = 37), bacteria (n = 14), fungi (n =
6), parasitic animals (n = 13), and other eukaryotes (n = 8).