Q1: Fitness effects of stressors on infected and
uninfected hosts
The lowest AICc model for Q1 included stressor type, response trait, and
their interaction as moderators (Table S1). Our data, therefore, does
not support differential effects of environmental stressors between
infected and uninfected hosts (Fig. S1). The interaction between
stressor type and response trait resulted primarily from a relatively
negative strong effect of resource limitation on fecundity (Table S2;
Fig. 2) and a relatively negative strong effect of endogenous
environmental stressors on survivorship (Table S2; Fig. 2). Pollution
also negatively affected survivorship (Table S2; Fig. 2), but this
effect was contingent on the results of low precision studies (see
Evidence of publication bias below). These contrasting effects of the
three stressor types are qualitatively similar if the RVE is used
instead of modeling sampling-error covariances (Fig. S2). Differences in
effect sizes both within (I2 = 40.46%) and between
(I2 = 53.42%) experiments contributed to relatively
high total heterogeneity (I2 = 93.88%).