Fig. 4: Bidimensional ordinations showing variability in leaf characteristics (a), invertebrate communities (b,c) and decomposition rates (d) between instream and riparian habitats at sites with different flow regimes (intermittent vs. perennial) and network locations (intermittent and perennial). Only combinations showing significant (PERMANOVA; see Table 4) differences in leaf characteristics, community composition or decomposition between habitats are shown in this figure. Principal component analyses (PCA; a, d) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS; b, c) were used depending on data characteristics (see Material and Methods section).