Between countries, some FST values were as high as 0.83, indicating strong genetic differentiation at the country level (Figure 3). Geographically proximal countries, that is, countries within a continent, and those that are in close proximity to one another, show less differentiation than those farther apart. One important pattern that emerges as we examine country-level variation is that South Asian countries (India, Pakistan, and Nepal) and Mongolia seem to be genetically similar (low FST values) compared to African countries. This same pattern does not seem to be apparent when other countries are compared to African countries. Non-significant FST values (“X” marks on the heatmap; Figure 3) were between populations that had three or fewer samples.