For L2 reading and mental imagery, Wang and colleagues have found that individuals learning English as a second language can improve reading comprehension through "constrained imagery strategy training" (WANG et al., 2015). Constrained imagery is strictly imagining what is written or described, while non-constrained imagery allows for freedom of imagery. They tested three conditions for EFL students: control, non-constrained, and constrained training. The researchers found that the group with the constrained training had the highest reading comprehension performance, suggesting that the guidance of constrained imagery encouraged readers to reimagine the scenario if they did not accurately imagine the scene.