Strain and medium
Two robust Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, identified as F118 (registered NBRC No. 268, flocculant, haploid) and BTCC3 (registered as ID-Y003, nonflocculant, haploid), were obtained from the NITE National Biological Resource Centre Culture Collection and Indonesian Culture Collection, respectively, as reported in our previous works (Kahar et al., 2022; Pangestu et al., 2022). The yeast strains and their derivatives were cultivated using yeast/peptone/dextrose (YPD) medium (20 g·L−1 peptone, 10 g·L−1 yeast extract, and 100 g·L−1 glucose). Escherichia coli K-12 (Sigma‒Aldrich, Japan) used for cloning was cultivated using Luria–Bertani (LB) medium (10 g·L−1 tryptone, 5 g·L−1 yeast extract, and 10 g·L−1sodium chloride).