3.3 Small, coordinated changes in expression of genes belonging to the same functional categories
Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified Gene Ontology (GO) terms/functional categories, across all three GO categories (biological process, molecular function, and cellular component), that were significantly affected by CO2 treatment, indicating small, coordinated changes in expression of the genes belonging to each of these functional categories. We identified ninety-nine significant functional categories in the CNS; 75 upregulated and 24 downregulated at elevated CO2 (Figure 2C). These functional categories included those involved in transcription, RNA processing, translation, protein processing, the cell cycle and cell proliferation, and neurotransmission (Figures 3 and S23). There were 17 significant functional categories in the eyes; 12 upregulated and 5 downregulated at elevated CO2 (Figure 2C). Ten functional categories were significantly affected by CO2 treatment in both the CNS and eyes including functions related to the ribosome and translation, ion channels, kinase activity, protein degradation and cell adhesion (Figures 3 and S23).