In the example, the level's rate equations have the form of the derivative of the level with respect to time, which equals the summation of inflows minus the summation of outflows. In the case of the decentralized financial system, the levels of trust are computed from the rates of information flows (attention and transactions); although the formulation is similar Forrester's, deriving the equations requires either analytical or machine learning modeling. In the Methods and Analysis sections, we provide additional literature covering such methodologies.