Sample Collection
We included study samples from China Medical University Hospital Precision Medicine Project cohort (CMUH, Taiwan). The electronic medical record (EMR) of the CMUH was used to collect clinical information from each individual. The first serum IgE value of each patient in the EMR was collected. We collected diseases that may influence the level of IgE, including asthma (ICD9: 493), eczema/dermatitis (ICD 9: 691, 692), allergic rhinitis (ICD 9: 477), anaphylaxis (ICD 9: 995.0, 999.4), conjunctivitis (ICD 9 : 372.1, 372.3), food allergy (ICD 9: 693.1), urticaria/ angioedema (ICD 9: 708, 995.1), other allergy (ICD9: 995.3, 989.5), rheumatoid arthritis (ICD 9: 714.0, 714.2, 714.89, 714.9), systemic lupus erythematosus (ICD 9: 710.0), nephrotic syndrome (ICD 9: 581.3, 581.1, 581.2, 581.0, 581.89, 581.9), anaphylactoid purpura (ICD 9: 287.0), and cancers (ICD9: 140–172, 174–195.8, and 200–208). We also collected the drug usage before the examination of serum IgE level, including antihistamines (ATC code: R06), omalizumab (anti-IgE therapy; ATC code: R03DX05), adrenaline (ATC code: A01AD01, B02BC09, C01CA24, R01AA14, R03AA01, S01EA01), inhaled corticosteroid (ATC code: R03BA), short- and long-acting Beta2 agonist (ATC code: R03AC), leukotrien receptor antagonist (ATC code: R03DC), kombinationspræparater (ATC code: R03AK), and omalizumab (anti-IgE therapy; ATC code: R03DX05). A total of 21,662 samples contained serum IgE level records. Cancer patients, omalizumab users and any disease with samples size < 20% of total samples (Figure S1) were excluded from the following analysis which remained N=17,884 as the final sample size. This study was approved by the institutional review board and the ethics committee of the Human Studies Committee of China Medical University Hospital (CMUH111-REC1-176).