2.2.1 Fructose
Mothers received drinking water or fructose at a concentration of 20%/L ad libitum in hydration bottles during pre-pregnancy (8 weeks of treatment), copulation (7 days), pregnancy (21 days) and lactation (21 days) periods. These dosages and treatment time were chosen according to data previously described in the literature (Mamikutty et al., 2014; Magenis et al., 2020). The route of administration and the period of treatment were chosen in order to maintain the relevance of the applicability of human studies. Fructose (Sigma Aldrich) was dissolved in drinking water and prepared three times a week at a concentration of 20%/L (Magenis et al., 2020).