4. Discussion
Fetal programming during pregnancy can generate a healthy or poor environment for the offspring (Deodati et al., 2020). Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes, for example, have been shown to provoke long-term changes in the mechanisms that regulate energy balance in offspring. The increase in childhood obesity and diabetes in children is often attributed to an increase in calorie-dense diets, reduced levels of physical activity and exercise frequency by the mother. However, it is believed that early dietary changes, both in mothers and children, significantly contribute to alleviate or assist in the treatment of these pathologies (Frias and Grove, 2012). In this context, the current study evaluated the effects of maternal chronic consumption of fructose (20%) during pregnancy and early-life on the genome and metabolism of the mothers and their offspring, and assessed the modulating effect of interventions with voluntary physical exercise.