Figure captions
Figure 1. The location of study site and associated mean daily ambient temperature during breeding season at the four study sites (Paisha Island and Bohai Bay from May to June, Qinghai Lake from May to July and Taitema Lake from in mid-April to July). The mean daily temperatue has significant different between four sites (ANOVA: F3,361 = 348, p < 0.001).
Figure 2. Coefficient estimates of the interaction between temperature (independent variable) and each dependent variable according to the PGLMMs. a) Coefficient estimates plot for each of male body mass (MMa), Female body mass (FMa), Male coloration (MPC1) and male’s ornamental trait area size (MPC2) and their respective interactions with temperature. The centre points denote the means, the thick bars denote the 95% lower and upper confidence interval as calculated by PGLMMs simulated by bootstrapping with 1,000 iterations in R. b–d) Model predictions of the interaction between male body mass or ornamental traits and ambient temperature with male ornamental traits (b), female tarsus length (c), and male incubation investment (d).
Figure 3. Path models showing the influence of male and female body mass and male ornament color on parents’ incubation investment in temperatures (a) below and (b) above the mean temperature across the four environments (23.782 ℃). The left bars show the average time (min) parents spent incubating the nest in a 3-hour period. Dotted lines with the double-ended arrow indicate correlations and solid lines with a single arrow indicate path coefficients. The black lines represent significant negative relationships and the red lines represent significant positive relationships. Non-significant paths were removed from the figure.
Figure 1