Figure
4 Genetic structure and demographic modeling of Saxifraga
facchinii. a) Sampled populations and their admixture proportions atK = 4 for derived from STRUCTURE analyses. Sizes of pie charts
reflect the number of private alleles (PA). Numbers correspond to
population identifiers. Coloured curves indicate groups of populations
used for demographic modeling. Light-blue areas indicate the maximum
extent of glaciers during the LGM 21 ka (based on Ehlers et al., 2011,
Van Husen 1987). The map was generated with UTM 32 N projection, with
datum WGS84. b) STRUCTURE bar plots depicting the cluster memberships of
each individual at the two best K s (2 and 5). c) Neighbor-Nets
with populations colour-coded according to the most likely clustering
solution in STRUCTURE analyses at K = 4. Populations with
<70% assignment to a group are indicated with a black dotted
line. d) Two- and three population demographic modeling results; color
coding of population groups match those presented in panel a). The left
column shows a graphical representation of the selected two-population
models in δaδi; “2nd best model” indicates that the depicted model
does not correspond to the best model according to the Akaike
Information Criterion (see the main text for an explanation). The right
column shows the distribution of the estimated divergence time after the
goodness-of-fit test with 100 replicates. The histogram represents the
distribution, the blue curve shows the density distribution, and the red
line represents the LGM (20 ka). In case of three-population models, the
goodness-of-fit test could not be performed, instead a graphical
representation of the second-best three-population model is shown.