2.7  |  Quality appraisal
The quality of the included randomized controlled trials was independently evaluated by 2 investigators (first and second authors) using the Cochrane Handbook (5.1) Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, and a third investigator (corresponding author) was asked to adjudicate collaboratively in case of disagreement. Among them, the RCT evaluation tool included 7 entries, which were: generation of randomized sequences, allocation concealment, blinding of study subjects and interveners, implementation of blinding by outcome measures, loss to visit, selective reporting, and other biases.