Vegetation sampling
On the first visit to each site, the percentage cover of shrubs and bare
ground were recorded using the same quadrats for percentage cover of
plants, and the percentage cover of trees was later recorded using
Google Maps. Plant surveys were conducted following Tzortzakaki et al.
(2019), with four 0.5 m2 quadrats established at even
distances along the butterfly transects. The small quadrat size was due
to the limited spatial extent of the sites. The percentage cover of each
plant species was recorded for each quadrat, with vegetation surveys
conducted at each site in May and June for a total sample size ofn = 144. The app “PictureThis” was used alongside local
taxonomic expertise for species identification (Glority Global Group
Limited, 2020).