Birds
The abundance of birds was greater at urban (6.06 ± 0.56; mean ± standard error) compared to rural sites (4.56 ± 0.55), and there was a significant difference between the two locations (Wilcoxon rank-sum test: W = 8842, p = 0.010; Figure 3A). The species richness of birds was greater at urban (2.85 ± 0.18) compared to rural sites (2.19 ± 0.18), and both locations differed significantly (Wilcoxon rank-sum test: W = 1277, p = 0.016; Figure 3B). The species diversity of birds was greater at urban (0.67 ± 0.06) compared to rural sites (0.51 ± 0.07), but there was no significant difference between the two locations (Wilcoxon rank-sum test: W = 1409, p = 0.09; Figure 3C). These results conclusively reject our second hypothesis, with evidence for a greater abundance and species richness of birds in urban, not rural habitats.