Natural compounds Source extractions Cell lines Active concentrations Findings Ref
Nobiletin Citrus depressa MCF-7 500 ml Reduces ERK1/2, cyclin-D1, p21 upregulation, mTOR and AKT inhibition (50)
Resveratrol Vitis vinifera 4T1 IC50 = 93 µM (72 h) S-phase slowdown Cell cycle suppression, higher levels of apoptosis (51)
Resveratrol
Vitis vinifera
SUM159/MCF10A/ MCF-7
100 mg/ kg/d) Through inhibition of Wnt β -catenin pathway
(52)
Resveratrol
Vitis vinifera
/ MDA-MB- 231/ MCF-7 10, 25, and 50 μM
Decrease in MMP-9, MMP-2, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 expression, decrease in Sox2 translation and stimulation of STAT3 and Akt
(53)
Curcumin Curcuma longa BT-474/ MDA-MB-231 1–25 µg/mL (72 h) Akt phosphorylation and MAPK stimulation, Decrease HER-2 oncoprotein, and Decrease NF-B (54)
Curcumin
Curcuma longa
MDA-MB- 231
10, 20 and 30 μm/ml
Expression of EGFR and Induction of cell death
(55)
Curcumin Curcuma longa MCF-7 1, 5, 10, 30 and 50 M By suppressing NF-B/ AP-1, MAPK, and PKC signaling, TPA causes MMP-9 overexpression (56)
Curcumin
Curcuma longa
MDA-MB- 231/MCF-10F/ Tumor2
30 μM
Reduced expression of EMT-associated, Fibronectin, Slug, N-cadherin, Twist1, Vimentin, AXL, and. E-cadherin/ proteins -catenin
(57)
EGCG Epigallocatechin gallate MDA-MB-231 ≥ 75 µM (24 h) Reduce expression of -catenin, p-Akt, and cyclin D1, inactivate the catenin signaling mechanism, Reduced proliferation of cells and disruption of adhesion junction formation (58)
Eugenol
Syzygium aromaticum , 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 μM, BT-20/ MDA-MB-231/ MDA-MB- 468
Inhibits NF-B signaling, thereby decreasing IL-8 and IL-6 production.
(59)
Baicalin
Scutellaria baicalensis MCF-7/ MDA-MB-231
0, 20 or 30 μM
Reduces NF-B- p65 protein synthesis and NF-B- elicited upregulation of BCL2, BIRC3, BIRC2, and CCND1 expression
(60)
Artemisinin (Artesunate)
Artemisia annua
MDA-MB-231
25, 50 and 100 µM (48 h)
Reduce Bcl-2, enhance Bax, G2/M-phase arrest Reduce Cyclin-B1 and Cyclin-D1, heterochromatin agglutination, degeneration of mitochondrial vacuoles; nuclear enlargement, Reduce the amount of organelles within cells
(61)
Ellagic acid
Juglans regia
MCF-7 cells; 0, 10, 20 and 30 μg/mL
Reduces signaling of TGF-/Smads
(62)
Ginseng extract Ginseng MCF-7 100–400 µM (24 h) Reduce Bcl-2, augment Bax, cytochrome c, and activated caspase-3,augment ROS production (63)
Oleuropein Olea europaea 1.7 mg/day MCF-7 Blocking the growth and proliferation of MCF-7 cell xenografts (64)
Eupatorin
Eupatorium semiserratum MCF-7/MDA-MB- 231
20 μg/ml
By inhibiting the p-Akt pathway, and boosting the production of SMAC/Diablo, cytochrome c, Bax, Bak1, Bad, and HIF1A
(65)
Emodin Aloe vera - IC50 = 8.6 µM Unique energy-dependent pathway of drug uptake inducing apoptosis (66)
Genistein
Glycine max
MCF-7
10 nM–10 μM
Through the downregulation of the Hedgehog-Gli1 Signaling
(67)
Genistein
Glycine max
MCF-7/MDA-MB 231/ MCF10a
18.5 μM
Elevated levels of BRCA2 and BRCA1 protein
(68)
Artesunate
Artemisia annua
-
IC50 = 2.3 µM
VEGF expression reduction
(69)
Kaempferol Moringa oleifera MDA-MB231 50 μM Increase the production of NRF2 and its enzyme NQO1 in MCF-7 cells, thereby preventing oncogenesis (70)
Kaempferol Moringa oleifera MCF-7 10 μM halts cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase by inhibiting CDK1 (71)
Betulinic acid Betula sp. - IC50 = 13.5 µM Induction of the extrinsic apoptosis mechanism through increased levels of DR4, DR5, and PARP cleavage (72)
Icariin
Epimedium sagitatum MDA-MB-231 /4 T1
10 or 20 μM
Reduces the signaling cascade of NF-B and SIRT6
(73)
Betulin Betula sp. - IC50 = 30.7 µM Induction of the extrinsic apoptosis cascade through increased levels of DR4, DR5, and PARP cleavage (74)
Isoliquiritigenin
Spatholobus suberectus MCF-7/ MDA-MB-231 /BT-549
10 μg/ml
By blocking β-catenin/ ABCG2 signaling.
(75)
Berberine
Berberis vulgaris
-
IC50 = 25 µM
Activation of cell cycle arrest, a combined effect with drugs/dose-dependent decrease in tumor volume and angiogenesis
(76)
Epicatechin gallate Camellia sinensis
-
IC50 = 350 µM
Promote apoptosis in various types of cells of cancer
(77)
Morusin
Ramulus mori
MCF-10A/ MDA-MB-231/4 T1 /EMT6 and MCF-7
1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 μg/ml
Lipoapoptosis and adipogenic transformation are mediated by PPAR and C/EBP
(78)
Epigallocatechin
Camellia sinensis
-
IC50 = 22 µM
Growth restriction
(79)
D Rhamnose β-hederin
Clematis ganpiniana
MCF-7/ SUM1315/ MDA-MB-231/ BT474 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/ml
via inhibiting the pathway of PI3K and AKT and enhancing the ERK pathway
(80)
Myricetin Camellia sinensis MDA-Mb-231 50 mg/kg By suppressing the expression of MMP2/9 as well as ST6GALNAC5 proteins (81)
Ingenol mebutate Euphorbia peplus
-
IC50 = 23.9 µM
Necrotic mechanism
(82)
β-Elemene
Rhizoma Zedoariae
MDA-MB-231 / MCF-7 0–320 μmol/L
inhibiting the aerobic glycolysis triggered by dimer formation of PKM2 and nuclear transfer
(83)
Dehydrocorydaline Corydali syanhusuo MDA-MB-231 20,30, 40, 50 or 100 μM By reducing BCL 2, CCND 1, BCL 3, and CDK1 and enhancing the generation of pro-apoptotic proteins caspase9/3/8 (84)
Theacrine
Theobroma grandiflorum
MDA-MB-231
10–100 μM
EMT induced by TGF is inhibited
(85)
Bilobetin Ginkgo biloba IC50 = 57.6 µM Stopping the cell cycle at the G2/M phase (86)
Harmine
Peganum harmala
MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7
50, 100 or 150 μM
By decreasing pErk, Bcl2, pAkt, and TAZ expression
(87)
Isoginkgetin Ginkgo biloba - IC50 = 92.1 µM Stopping the cell cycle at the G2/M phase (86)
α-santalol
Santalum album
20, 40 μM
MDA-MB 231/ MCF-7
via suppressing the Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway
(88)
Licoagrochalcone
Glycyrrhiza glabra
-
IC50 = 28.6 µM
Promotion of apoptosis and suppression of cell division
(89)
Astragaloside IV
Astragalus membranaceus MCF-7/MDA-MB- 231/ / MDA-MB-468
40 and 80 μg/ml
prevent BC cell proliferation and metastasis via inducing expression of TRHDE-AS1
(90)
Apigenin
Matricaria chamomilla
-
IC50 = 100 µM
augmentation of the DR5 mechanism
(91)
Betulinic acid
Castanopsis acuminatissima
MCF-7
50 μM
via reducing topoisomerase or cyclin, suppressing VEGF signaling, decreasing SP and NF-B stimulation, and downregulating matrix metalloprotease production
(92)
Chamomillol
Matricaria chamomilla
-
IC50 = 300 µM
Repress angiogenesis by repressing expression proteins.
(93)
Cucurbitacin B
Cucurbeta pepo
MDA-MB-231
0.5 and 1 mg/kg
Reduce NF-B and STAT3
(94)
Lycorine
Narcissus pseudonarcissus MCF-7/T47D/ MDA-MB- 231
5 or 10 mg/kg
via interfering with the Src/FAK pathway
(95)
Ginsenoside Panax ginseng - IC50 = 30 µM Activation of apoptosis and suppression of cell division (96)
Citral
Cymbopogon citratus
MDA-MB-231
2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 μg/ml
Reducing the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3
(97)
Borbonol
Persea americana
-
IC50 = 20.5 µM
Inhibition of proliferation
(98)
Matrine
Sophora flavescens
MCF-7
2, 4, 8 and 10 mM
through the aggregation of light chain 3 II and reduced levels of p62, phosphorylation of mTOR and AKT was suppressed
(99)
Germacrone Rhizoma curcumae MCF-7 100 or 200 μM via inhibiting ER-driven gene expression (100)
Salvicine Salvia prionitis IC50 = 1.4 µM Breaks two strands of DNA through increasing TOP2 activity; prevents re-ligation (101)
Noscapine
Papaver somniferum
MCF-10/ MCF-7/ MDA-MB-231 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μM
A decrease in the expression of the NF-B gene and protein, along with an increase in the expression of the IB gene
(102)
Cepharanthine
Stephania cepharantha MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 5 μM for MCF-7,4 μM for MDA-MB-231
By disrupting AKT/mTOR signaling system
(103)
Ursolic acid
Ocimum tenuiflorum
MDA-MB-231
10.0 μg/ ml
Reduced EGFR, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and ERK activity
(104)
Protocatechu aldehyde Salvia miltiorrhiza
MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231
0, 5,10, 25, 50, or 100 lM
inhibits the expression of -catenin and cyclin D1
(105)
Silibinin
Silybum marianum
-
IC50 = 24 µM
Apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest
(106)
Piperlongumine Piper longum MCF-7/MDA-MB-231/MDA-MB-453 And BT-549 6.25,12.5, 25, 50 and 100 lM Through decreasing Bcl-2, cyclin D1, p-Akt, p53, p70S6K1, and 4E-BP1 expression and increasing cytochrome c and Bax expression; by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis. (107)
Gossypol
Gossypium hirsutum MDA-MB-231 / MDA-MB-468 MM-231 / MM-468 0–100 μM 0–50 μM Increases the expression of BNIP3, TNFRSF9, and GADD45A
(108)
Silymarin
Silybum marianum
-
IC50 = 75 µM
Interaction with the production of cell cycle regulators and apoptotic proteins; activation of cell cycle arrest
(109)
Pterostilbene Cyanococcus MDA-MB-468 Dose:50 μM Reduces phosphorylation of mTOR and AKT and decreases cyclin D1 expression (110)
Paradol
Zingiber officinale
-
IC50 = 20.4µM
Reduced cellular viability
(111)
Colchicine Colchicum autumnale MCF-7 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/ml through cells unable to exit the G2/M phase. (112)
Tanshinone-IIA Salvia miltiorrhiza MDA-MB-231 0, 3 and 6 μM Through inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest and boosting GSK3 expression, MMP expression is inhibited. (113)
Shogaol
Zingiber officinale
-
IC50 = 24.4 µM
Inhibitory activity
(114)
β-caryophyllene oxide
Myrica rubra
MDA-MB-231 and MCF7
5–500 μM
Inhibition of NF-B
(115)