Natural compounds Source extractions Animal models Dose/administrations Therapeutic effects Ref
EGCG Epigallocatechin gallate CB-17 rodents with severe combined immunodeficiency 100 mg/kg of EGCG dissolved into 100 L of water is administered orally every two days. Reduce tumor proliferation; reduce miR-25 expression; reduce Ki-67; and enhance pro-apoptotic PARP expression (50)
Artemisinin (Artesunate)
Artemisia annua
Xenograft model of 4T1 cells in female BALB/c mice
Every day intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg artemisinin dissolved in 0.2% DMSO for twenty days
Reduced splenic and tumor Treg and MDSC growth; enhanced percentages of CD4 + IFN- + T cells; elevated FN- and TNF-
Ginseng Ginseng Xenograft model of MCF-7 cells in female BALB/c athymic nude mice Ginseng extract (50 or 100 mg/kg) was given intravenously once a day for four weeks Increase Bax, activated caspase-3, and activated PARP; reduced Bcl-2; reduced tumor weight (51)
Resveratrol skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, and peanuts Xenograft model of MDA-MB-231 cells in female athymic mice resveratrol (ethanolic solution) 25 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for three weeks reduce tumor size, boost apoptotic index, and stop angiogenesis (52)
Curcumin Turmeric or Curcuma longa Female athymic nude mice with BT-474 xenograft mod-el overexpressing HER-2 Curcumin was administered intraperitoneally twice weekly for a period of four weeks at a dose of 45 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.1% DMSO Tumor volume reduction (53)
Berberine
Berberis vulgaris
-
IC50 = 25 µM
Cell cycle arrest induction, drug-drug interactions, dose-dependent tumor volume decrease, and angiogenesis
(54)
Combretastatin
Combretum caffrum
mice
IC50 = 80-190 µM
Tubulin binding results in the microtubules being less stable
(55)
Ginkgetin Ginkgo biloba mouse IC50 = 10 µM Autolysosome production and redox environment are mediated by p62/SQSTM1, and the signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 activity is inhibited (56)
Noscapine
Papaver somniferum
mice
IC50 = 45 µM
Triggering several signaling cascades, such as apoptosis
(57)
Cryptotanshinone
Salvia prionitis
mice
IC50 = 1.1 µM
Multifaceted mechanisms of action include apoptosis, G2/M arrest, and cellular movement inhibition. All these pathways are orchestrated by NFB inhibition
(58)