1a. Determine the degree of host-specificity of the plant-associated
organisms |
Estimate the distribution of the proportion
δfi/δff of shared
organisms between all species pairs f–i. |
δfi is the number of shared (i≠j)
or unique (i=j) organisms. |
Moderate host-specificity of
the plant-associated organisms (i.e., pathogens, insects, and epiphytes)
that may vary with organism type and forest. |
1b. Do guilds of plant associated organisms show collinear responses? |
Mantel tests |
Kendall (τ) |
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2. Do saplings of type f (dry- or fleshy fruited) share with
their sapling neighbours more or less antagonists (or mutualists) than
expected?
|
Spatial point pattern analysis with two summary functions:
αf,S (r): the proportion of heterospecific
saplings located within distance r of saplings of type f
αf,phy (r) the expected number of
organisms shared between saplings of type f and its sapling
neighbours
|
999 simulations of the toroidal shift null model for each focal species
and abundance-weighted averaging over all fleshy- and dry-fruited
species.
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2.1. Dry-fruited saplings should share less than expected antagonist
with their sapling neighbours (JC effects removed the dense clusters of
conspecific offspring).
2.2. Less pronounced or absent effects for fleshy fruited species
because animal seed dispersal transports seeds to more favourable
location.
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3. Do saplings of type f (dry- or fleshy fruited) share with
their adult neighbours more or less antagonists (or mutualists) than
expected?
|
Same as in 2), but now considering the adult neighbours of
saplings.
|
Same as in 2), but now considering the adult neighbours of
saplings.
|
3.1. Weak patterns of antagonists for dry-fruited species since JC
effects removed most offspring close to conspecific adults, but higher
than expected number of shared mutualists.
3.2. Weak patterns for fleshy-fruited species, see 2.2
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4. Do adults of type f (dry- or fleshy fruited) share with their
adult neighbours more or less antagonists (or mutualists) than
expected?
|
Same as in 2), but now considering the adult neighbours of adults.
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Same as in 2), but now considering the adult neighbours of adults.
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4.1. JC effects at early life stages should lead to weak or absent
effects for dry fruited species.
4.2. Lack of JC effects in fleshy fruited species leads to multispecies
clumps with adult neighbourhoods sharing fewer than expected
antagonists.
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