References:
  1. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jan 1;45(Suppl 1):S17-S38.
  2. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Feb;131(2):e49-e64.
  3. American Diabetes Association. 14. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020 . Diabetes Care. 2020 Jan;43(Suppl 1):S183-S192.
  4. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel; Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, Persson B, et al. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2010 Mar;33(3):676-82.
  5. HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group; Metzger BE, Lowe LP, Dyer AR, et al. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2008 May 8;358(19):1991-2002.
  6. Hillier TA, Pedula KL, Ogasawara KK, Vesco KK, Oshiro CES, Lubarsky SL, Van Marter J. A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 11;384(10):895-904.
  7. He Y, Ma RCW, McIntyre HD, Sacks DA, Lowe J, Catalano PM, Tam WH. Comparing IADPSG and NICE Diagnostic Criteria for GDM in Predicting Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Diabetes Care. 2022 Sep 1;45(9):2046-2054.
  8. Herman WH, Petersen M, Kalyani RR. Response to Comment on American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2017 . Diabetes Care 2017;40(Suppl. 1):S1-S135. Diabetes Care. 2017 Jul;40(7):e94-e95.
  9. Carpenter MW, Coustan DR. Criteria for screening tests for gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Dec 1;144(7):768-73.
  10. Twig G, Zucker I, Afek A, et al. Adolescent Obesity and Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jul;43(7):1487-1495.
  11. Riskin-Mashiah S, Damti A, Younes G, Auslander R. Normal fasting plasma glucose levels during pregnancy: a hospital-based study. J Perinat Med. 2011 Mar;39(2):209-11.
  12. Riskin-Mashiah S, Younes G, Damti A, Auslender R. First-trimester fasting hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Diabetes Care. 2009 Sep;32(9):1639-43.
  13. Gabir MM, Hanson RL, Dabelea D, et al. The 1997 American Diabetes Association and 1999 World Health Organization criteria for hyperglycemia in the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000 Aug;23(8):1108-12.
  14. Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, Hodge AM, de Courten M, Dowse GK, Chitson P, Tuomilehto J, Alberti KG. Impaired fasting glucose: how low should it go? Diabetes Care. 2000 Jan;23(1):34-9.
  15. Tirosh A, Shai I, Tekes-Manova D, et al. Israeli Diabetes Research Group. Normal fasting plasma glucose levels and type 2 diabetes in young men. N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 6;353(14):1454-62.
  16. Bardugo A, Bendor CD, Rotem RS, et al. Glucose intolerance in pregnancy and risk of early-onset type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023 May;11(5):333-344.
  17. Simmons D, Immanuel J, Hague WM, et al. TOBOGM Research Group. Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed Early in Pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jun 8;388(23):2132-2144.