Allele Frequencies and Loci distribution
To characterise adaptation, minor allele frequency (MAF) of adaptive loci and non-adaptive loci was measured. Mean MAF for adaptive loci was 0.439 and mean MAF for non-adaptive loci was 0.117. In figure 3 A and B we can see a considerable shift in MAF between adaptive and non-adaptive loci indicating that environmental is characterised by high minor allele frequency. The same cannot be concluded from phenotypic however, because only nine adaptive loci were discovered from the phenotypic GAPIT analysis. However, the mean MAF for phenotypic adaptive loci was 0.403.
Loci with either a negative or positive correlation with height were traced through the population and mean number of loci per sample per provenance were represented geographically (Fig.4). Northern populations contained loci with negative correlations with height mainly caused by high snow cover and low solar radiation. More negative loci were distributed in Alaska than further south. Loci with positive correlations towards height were distributed in the southern ranges of Sitka spruce.