Table 4 AMOVA of genetic variation of eight populations from four regions of Primulina heterotricha based on nrDNA and cpDNA in the years of 2016 and 2022.
Degree of freedom Sum of squares Estimated Variation Variation (%)
ITS Year 2016 ITS Year 2016
Among regions 3 371.793 2.617 71%
Among pops 4 56.858 0.751 20%
Within pops 168 55.099 0.328 9%
Total 175 483.750 3.66 100%
Year 2022 Year 2022 Year 2022 Year 2022 Year 2022 Year 2022
Among regions 3 218.566 2.310 62%
Among pops 4 50.063 0.832 22%
Within pops 109 65.133 0.598 16%
Total 116 333.752 3.739 100%
cpDNA Year 2016 cpDNA Year 2016
Among regions 3 1313.175 9.308 72%
Among pops 4 192.434 2.412 18%
Within pops 168 210.613 1.254 10%
Total 175 1716.222 12.974 100%
Year 2022 Year 2022 Year 2022 Year 2022 Year 2022 Year 2022
Among regions 3 998.455 12.328 90%
Among pops 4 52.041 0.868 6%
Within pops 109 62.529 0.574 4%
Total 116 1113.026 13.770 100%