Figure 1 Haplotype distribution of (a ) nrDNA ITS and (b ) cpDNA trn L-F and ycf 1b in the years of 2016 and 2022 of eight populations of Primulina heterotricha on Hainan Island, south China.
The total length of the combined chloroplast alignments in 2016 was 1405 bp (730 bp and 674 bp in size for trn L-trn F andycf 1b, respectively). The alignment contained 48 S , and 16 chlorotypes (Nn ) were present among the 176 samples (Table 2). At the species level, π was 0.00940, Nd was 12.725, andh was 0.907 (Table 2). Of the 16 chlorotypes, only two (C1 and C2) were shared between populations (BW and YJ). The other 14 chlorotypes were private (Table 3; Figure 1c). For the 2022 samples, the combined alignment of two cpDNA regions comprised 1592 bp (870 bp and 722 bp in size for trn L-trn F and ycf 1b, respectively) which contained 42 S , and 15 Nn were present among the 117 samples (Table 2). At the species level, π was 0.00868, Nd was 13.637, and h was 0.874 (Table 2). Of the 15 chlorotypes, only two (C1 and C3) were shared (C1 was shared by BW, YJ, and EX, and C3 by BW and YJ) (Table 3). The other 13 chlorotypes were private (Table 3; Figure 1d). In sum, and contrary to the ITS, there were no major differences between the 2016 and 2022 cpDNA datasets, with the same number (two) and almost the same percentage (12.5% vs. 13.3%) of shared chlorotypes, all occurring on the NW group of populations.