Entry
Catalyst
Electrolyte
Optimum overpotential (vs. RHE)
FECO
Durability
Ref.
1 Ni-NC_ATPA@C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.70 V 94% 24 h 57
2 Ni@NC@NCNT 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.75 V 94.1% 43 h 59
3 Ni@NCNT 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.80 V 96% 18 h 60
4 Ni@N-C/rGO(4,4′-bipy) 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.97 V. 88% 10 h 61
5 Ni@NCNTs 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.30 V 99.1% 20 h 125
6 Ni-NC 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.80 V 98% 10 h 126
7 NC-CNTs (Ni) 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.80 V > 90% 10 h 65
8 NiSA/N-C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.86 V 96% 22 h 66
9 C-TpDt-Ni-900 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.70 V > 90% / 67
10 Ni–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 ~ −0.9 V 92% 70 h 84
11 NiSA-Nx-C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.80 V 98% 10 h 86
12 Ni@NxCy-1000 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.7 V 98.7% 11 h 87
13 Ni-NC(HPU) 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.8 V 91% 27 h 94
14 SA-NiNG-NV 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.59 V 96% 20 h 101
15 Ni-N3-V 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.9 V 90% 14 h 100
16 Ni–N4/C–NH2 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.5 ~ −1.0 V > 85% 10 h 103
17 Ni SSCs 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.75 V 98% 22 h 108
18 Ni-SNC 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.8 V 95% 24 h 110
19 Ni7/Fe3–N–C 0.5 M NaHCO3 −0.39 V 98% 10 h 117
20 Ni/Cu−N−C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.79 V 99.2% 60 h 120
21 Ni/NCTs 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.6 ~ −1.0 V ~ 100 % 20 h 127
22 Ni−N−C-low 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.67 V 88% / 75
23 Ni-NC@Ni 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.67 V 87% 150 h 78
24 Ni0.037-NG-H 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.8 V 93% 64 h 79
25 NiSA/NP 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.75 V 99% 30 h 81
26 Ni@NiNCM 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.90 V 97.6% 2400 s (@200 mA) 82