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\begin{document}

\title{Plant functional groups shape biodiversity-soil functions relationships
under climate change}



\author[1]{Ramesha Jayaramaiah}%
\author[1]{Catarina Martins}%
\author[2]{Eleonora  Egidi}%
\author[1]{Catriona Macdonald}%
\author[2]{Jun-Tao Wang}%
\author[2]{Hongwei Liu}%
\author[3]{Peter Reich}%
\author[4]{Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo}%
\author[1]{Brajesh Singh}%
\affil[1]{University of Western Sydney}%
\affil[2]{Western Sydney University}%
\affil[3]{University of Michigan}%
\affil[4]{Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 18, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Biodiversity-function relationships in ecosystems are known to be driven
by environmental conditions, including climate change. Plant functional
groups (PFGs), specifically their evolutionary history,
nitrogen-fixation capacity or photosynthetic-pathway likely play a
critical role in shaping microbial communities and their impact on
ecosystem functions, but experimental evidence is limited. Here, we
simultaneously manipulated plant and microbial diversity in a microcosm
study to investigate their interactions and impact on soil functions
during drought. Our results highlight the dominant role of PFGs in
explaining the effects of biodiversity loss on soil functions. Microbial
diversity loss significantly influenced microbially-driven soil N and P
pools and processes, with PFGs moderating these effects, especially
under drought. Our findings offer crucial mechanistic insights for
ecosystem management in the face of climate change, emphasizing the
significance of PFGs in shaping soil functions and their resilience.
This study underscores the importance of considering above- and
belowground biodiversity, for preserving belowground functions in
changing environments.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{INTRODUCTION}

The relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF)
has been a long-standing interest in ecology, driven by the need to
understand the consequences of biodiversity decline in the face of
global change on ecosystem functions, services, and human well-being .
Recent studies have also highlighted the role of soil biodiversity in
supporting multiple ecosystem functions and services , including soil
nutrient cycling, carbon storage, and erosion prevention . Furthermore,
several factors influencing belowground functioning have gained
substantial attention within the scientific, geopolitical, and public
attention . Recent evidence suggests that the relationship between plant
and soil biodiversity and their function is context- dependent , however
the biotic and environmental factors shaping these relationships are not
well understood. For instance, the influence of soil biodiversity on
function may depend on ecosystem water availability . Moreover, growing
evidence indicates that microbial diversity significantly co-shapes the
positive relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem function .
Nevertheless, experimental studies that consider the interplay between
plant and soil biodiversity in influencing function under varying
climatic conditions, such as water availability, remain scarce.
Therefore, incorporating above-belowground interactions into BEF
research is essential to achieve a mechanistic understanding of BEF
relationships in the context of climate change.

The interplay between plants and microbes involves numerous above- and
belowground interactions (e.g., mutualisms and pathogenesis), which have
substantial implications for BEF relationships . On one hand, soil
microbial diversity can independently have a positive impact on plant
nutrient uptake by promoting nutrient cycling . However, the relative
contribution of soil microbial diversity to nutrient availability may
depend on the functional groups within the plant community. Indeed,
plant functional groups (PFGs) sharing similar ecological traits, such
as nitrogen fixation or photosynthetic pathways, are known to influence
the soil microbiome and associated soil functions . For instance,
nitrogen (N)-fixing plants are known to promote keystone microbial taxa,
such as \emph{Rhizobium} spp. and \emph{Frankia} spp. . Similarly,
grasses and forbs, exhibit discernible traits and occupy specific
ecological niches . Compared to forbs, perennial grasses have a higher
belowground biomass leading to dense root systems . As a result,
grass-dominated communities exhibit accelerated rates of litter
decomposition and enhanced soil nutrient cycling . Consequently,
variations in PFGs are likely to influence the composition of associated
microbial communities , raising the question of how PFGs regulate soil
microbial communities and their functions, and how this relationship
varies across gradients of microbial diversity. However, the effects of
plant functional richness and individual functional groups on soil
microbial diversity and ecosystem processes remain unclear. Further,
global change drivers and human activities threaten biodiversity and
functioning, including potentially the relationships between plant and
microbial diversity and soil processes in complex but unknown ways .
Yet, there is a critical paucity of studies on the biotic interactions
when assessing the effects of global change drivers on ecosystem
functions . Lack of understanding of the relative contributions of plant
functional richness, PFGs, and/or microbial diversity, and their
interactions with environmental stresses on soil functions is a critical
knowledge gap that constrains our predictive capacity and informed
management strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of global change.

To bridge these knowledge gaps, we conducted an integrative experiment,
simultaneously manipulating plant and soil microbial diversity while
explicitly considering PFGs and plant functional diversity. We
established a microcosm experiment with six plant species, categorized
into three functional types (C3 grasses, C4 grasses, and legumes) in
three levels of richness (1, 3, 6 species) and three levels of microbial
diversity (high, intermediate, low), all under induced drought
conditions. We formulated two primary hypotheses: (1) Soil microbial
diversity loss will directly impact soil functions, undermining the
linkage between plant diversity and function, particularly under drought
conditions. (2) Plant functional groups will play a more significant
role in buffering soil functions during drought than plant diversity.
This effect arises from the varying capacity of different functional
groups (C3 vs. C4 vs. legumes) to withstand abiotic stresses associated
with drought conditions. Overall, this study investigates the complex
interplay between soil microbial diversity, plant diversity, and PFGs,
seeking to decipher their critical role in shaping plant-soil microbiome
interactions under drought stress.

\textbf{MATERIAL AND METHODS}

Experimental design

We employed a factorial design to investigate the interactive effects of
soil microbial diversity, plant functional diversity, and PFGs on
various soil N and P pools and processes prior, during and after induced
drought. Briefly, the design involved three dilution levels of soil
microbial diversity (D0, D2, and D6) and three levels of plant species
richness (1, 3, and 6 species). The plant species used were\emph{Chloris
gayana} , \emph{Digitaria eriantha} (C4 grasses),\emph{Lolium perenne} ,
\emph{Phalaris aquatica} (C3 grasses),\emph{Biserrula pelecinus} and
\emph{Medicago sativa} (legumes) (Figure S1). This design is considered
incomplete because pots with 3 and 6 species composed of all PFGs were
not included for logistic reasons. The plant diversity treatments were
replicated six times and were identical for D0
(10\textsuperscript{-0}\textbf{--} High), D2
(10\textsuperscript{-2}\textbf{--} Intermediate) and D6
(10\textsuperscript{-6}\textbf{--} Low) microbial diversity treatments,
with no-plant controls included for each microbial diversity level. To
account for airborne contamination throughout the experiment, the study
also included five pots with sterile soil inoculated only with phosphate
buffer saline (PBS) solution. In total, there were 33 treatments, for a
total of 203 microcosms and five sampling events (Figure 1).

Soil microbial diversity manipulation

To manipulate indigenous soil microflora, we utilized the robust
dilution-to-extinction approach, following well-established procedures .
In brief, we collected soil from the top 15 cm of a regional grassland.
Soil microbial inoculums representing high, intermediate, and low
microbial diversity were created using a 10-fold dilution approach with
phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as the buffer. Sterile soil was inoculated
with a 9:1 ratio of soil to microbial inoculum, and a portion of the
sterile soil was maintained with no microbial diversity (PBS solution
only). Over 18 weeks of incubation, microbial colonization and biomass
recovery were monitored and validated using amplicon sequencing and qPCR
for bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
.

Microcosms and plant diversity establishment

To create the grassland microcosms, pots with an inner diameter of 14 cm
and a height of 15 cm (1.9 L) were filled with (\textasciitilde{}1.9 kg)
soil from the respective microbial diversity levels and subsampled
(prior to planting, T0). Monoculture, three-species, and six-species
microcosms were established using \textasciitilde{}5 weeks old seedlings
grown in sterile conditions. The allocation of seedlings was executed
according to a pre-designed plant diversity pattern, ensuring
consistency and replication across the experiment (Figure S1). All
microcosms were arranged randomly in a climate-controlled glasshouse
(temperature of 20/15 day/night, with a day length of 12 h day/night) .

Drought treatment and sampling

The microcosms were kept well-watered, at initial plant establishment
period (T1) and early flowering stage (pre-drought, T2), and
intermediate soil sampling was done using one soil core taken from each
pot. The experiment was carried out in a glasshouse room with
corresponding Spring and Summer temperatures from monthly averages up to
28/18 day/night, from September to January, based on the last 10-year
monthly average data from Meteorological Bureau Station 067021
(http://www.bom.gov.au). After 16 weeks of plant establishment, a 2-week
drought treatment was applied to half of the pots by reducing watering
to 30\% of water holding capacity (WHC), while the remaining pots were
watered to maintain 60\% of WHC. Gravimetric moisture was monitored
daily during the drought period, and soil samples were collected
(drought, T3) after 2 weeks of drought to assess the effects on soil
functions. The final harvest of plant and soil samples (after-recovery,
T4) was performed after a 4-week recovery period. This approach allowed
us to assess the resilience of belowground functions to drought,
providing realistic scenarios of areas with increasing dry periods .

Soil physiochemical, functional and diversity measurements

Measurements of soil properties (see Note S1 for methodological details)
included moisture content, pH, extractable nitrate
(NO\textsubscript{3}), ammonium (NH\textsubscript{4}), extractable
phosphate (PO\textsubscript{4}), total carbon (C), and total nitrogen
(N). Additionally, we determined the rate of mineralized N and potential
acid phosphatase (PHOS) enzyme activity. Total genomic DNA was extracted
from soil samples, and microbial biomass was quantified prior to
planting (T0), by measuring bacterial and fungal RNA copy number
(bacteria: 16S rRNA; fungi: ITS rRNA) using qPCR (see Note S2 for
methodological details) and amplicon sequencing for 16S rRNA gene and
ITS (see Note S3 for methodological details). This allowed us to
validate the dilution-to-extinction approach (Note S4) and obtain
insights into the composition of microbial communities in response to
our experimental manipulations.

Statistical analysis

Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's multiple
comparison test was used to assess the effects of dilution-to-extinction
approach on microbial abundance, and microbial richness (observed OTUs
and Chao1) and diversity (Shannon index). A \selectlanguage{polish}Š\selectlanguage{ngerman}ídák's multiple comparison
test was used to compare between sampling points or otherwise mentioned
in the figure legends. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance
(PERMANOVA) was employed to test the significance of changes in
microbial composition (number of permutations: 999) based on Bray-Curtis
distances using the web-based MicrobiomeAnalyst platform . Spearman
correlation coefficients (\selectlanguage{greek}ρ\selectlanguage{english}) were used to determine the positive or
negative relationships between microbial and plant diversity with soil
functions across soil diversity and plant richness levels. Multiple
linear regression models (R function, \emph{lm()} ) were used to compare
the relative contributions of soil microbial communities, plant species
richness, PFGs, drought and their interactions in respect to soil N and
P nutrient pools (NH\textsubscript{4}, NO\textsubscript{3} and
PO\textsubscript{4}) and processes (rate of mineralized N and PHOS
activity). To evaluate the relative contributions of these variables as
drivers of soil functions, we expressed the importance of each predictor
as the percentage of explained variance, based on their individual
regression coefficients (R\textsuperscript{2}) compared to the absolute
values of the total of regression coefficients. Further, a stepwise
regression (R function, \emph{StepAIC()} ) was performed to select the
best fit models based on AIC values to explore the contribution of
individual PFGs on microbial diversity-soil function relationships. A
value of \emph{p} \textless{} 0.05 was considered to be statistically
significant. All tests and statistical models were constructed and
visualized by R 4.1.2 and GrapPad Prism 9.0 software (Boston,
Massachusetts USA, www.graphpad.com). This approach allowed us to
quantify the importance of each predictor in explaining the variation in
soil N and P pools and processes, providing valuable insights into the
underlying mechanisms.

\textbf{RESULTS}

Impact of soil microbial diversity loss on soil functions

The consequences of microbial diversity loss had a profound impact on
the observed soil functions (pools + processes) including soil N and P
pools, particularly on ammonium (F\textsubscript{(2,195)} = 65.2, p
\textless{}0.001) and nitrate (F\textsubscript{(2,195)} = 35.9,
\emph{p}\textless{}0.001) concentrations. In soils with reduced
microbial diversity (D6), ammonium concentrations were approximately 40
times higher compared to those in high (D0) and intermediate (D2)
diversity soils, which exhibited similar levels of ammonium
(\textasciitilde{}1.8 mg kg-1) and nitrate (\textasciitilde{}80 mg kg-1)
(Figure S4-i, and S4-ii). Consequently, ammonium had a significant
negative correlation with microbial richness (bacterial; \selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= -0.61,
\emph{p} \textless{} 0.001 and fungal; \selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= -0.62, \emph{p} \textless{}
0.001) (Table S2), while nitrate displayed a strong positive correlation
(bacterial; \selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= 0.77, \emph{p} \textless{} 0.001 and fungal; \selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= 0.74,
\emph{p}\textless{} 0.001). Although phosphate levels did not
significantly differ among soil dilutions (Figure S4(iii)), they
exhibited a significant negative correlation with microbial richness
(bacterial; \selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= -0.43, \emph{p} \textless{} 0.001 and fungal; \selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= -0.48,
\emph{p}\textless{} 0.001) (Table S2). We also observed that
low-diversity soils (D6) had increased the rates of N mineralization,
although this difference was not statistically significant
(F\textsubscript{(2,195)} = 0.34, \emph{p} =0.711; Figure S4(iv)),
resulting in a negative correlation with microbial richness (bacterial;
\selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= -0.42, \emph{p}\textless{} 0.001 and fungal; \selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= -0.38, \emph{p}
\textless{} 0.001). Similarly, while no significant differences were
found in Phosphatase activity among soil diversity levels (Figure
S4(v)), it showed a positive relationship with microbial richness
(bacterial; \selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= 0.27,\emph{p} \textless{} 0.001 and fungal; \selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= 0.28,
\emph{p} \textless{} 0.001) (Table S2).

Predictors of soil functions and aboveground-belowground interactions

Plant functional groups (PFGs) emerged as the dominant predictors of
soil functions, explaining approximately 81\% of the variance. Plant
species richness and PFGs collectively accounted for the majority of the
explained variance across four of the five soil functions we examined.
However, microbial diversity primarily explained variance in PHOS
activity in pre-drought measurements (Figure 2a). These findings were
robustly supported by our statistical models (Table 1), underscoring the
predominant role of PFGs, particularly N-fixing plant group, in driving
all soil functions, both independently and in synergy with microbial
diversity, and independent from drought disturbance. Importantly, it is
essential to note that the contribution of PFGs extends beyond
functional group diversity in non-monoculture contexts. Conversely,
microbial diversity exerted a comparatively low influence on soil
functions associated with nitrogen cycling during pre-drought sampling.
However, its importance increased notably during the drought period,
where it shared equal explained variance with PFGs (Figure 2b). These
results were further validated by regression models, which identified
interactions between PFGs and microbial diversity as the best-fit models
with the lowest AIC values (Table 1). While drought had a negligible
direct effect, accounting for less than 1\% of the variance, it had a
significant impact on microbially driven PHOS activity. Following a
month of recovery from the drought, we observed the soil functions
displaying signs of recuperation. Approximately 78.9\% of the variance
in these recovered soil functions was attributed to PFGs, with plant
species richness and microbial diversity contributing to approximately
12.9\%, and 8.1\% respectively (Figure 2c).

Relationship between soil functions and plant species richness across
microbial dilution gradient

We examined the intricate relationships between microbial and plant
diversity by assessing correlations between plant species richness and
soil functions within individual soil dilutions. Additionally, we
explored associations between microbial communities and soil functions
at various levels of plant richness. Notably, we observed a negative
correlation between plant species richness and ammonium concentrations
in D0 and D2 (\selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= -0.32, \emph{p} \textless{} 0.05), which were
statistically insignificant in D6 (\selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= -0.16, \emph{p} \textgreater{}
0.05) (Figure 3). Conversely, plant species richness exhibited a
consistent negative relationship with both ammonium and nitrate levels
across all soil diversity levels (Figure 4i). The impact of drought on
nitrogen cycling processes was particularly pronounced in D6. This
resulted in a shift in the relationship between plant richness and
nitrogen levels, with higher microbial diversity in D0 and D2
stabilizing the effect (Figure 4(ii)). Importantly, after the recovery
period, the relationships largely returned to their pre-drought negative
associations (Figure 4(iii)). Plant species richness showed a
significant positive correlation with phosphate only in soils with
higher microbial diversity (D0 and D2). However, this relationship was
absent in D6 soils (R\textsuperscript{2} =0.02, p =0.24) (Figure 4c(i)).
While plant species richness had no discernible effect on PHOS activity
during the plant establishment stage (\selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= -0.04, \emph{p} \textgreater{}
0.05; Figure 3i, and Figure 4e(i)), the drought phase resulted in a
significant positive correlation across all soil diversity levels
(Figure 4e(ii)). In case of N mineralization, increasing plant species
richness had a positive influence (\selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= 0.35, \emph{p} \textless{} 0.05;
Figure 3i, and Figure 4d(i)) during pre-drought conditions. However, the
drought period led to a decoupling of this relationship, which was
further influenced by the soil biodiversity level (Figure 4d(ii)). Given
that higher plant species richness likely corresponds with increased
nutrient demand, a negative correlation (\selectlanguage{greek}ρ \selectlanguage{english}= -0.37, \emph{p} \textless{}
0.05) with nitrate levels was observed (Figure 3i). Overall, the
presence of plants significantly influenced the relationships between
microbial diversity and soil functions during the plant establishment
stage (pre-drought). Components of the nutrient pools were notably
affected with increasing plant species richness (Figure 3i and 4).

Plant functional groups as the main predictor of soil functions during
drought and recovery

Individual PFGs played a significant role in shaping the intricate
relationships between microbial diversity and soil functions (Figure 3
and Table 1). To gain a more nuanced understanding of their
contributions, we employed multiple linear regression models to dissect
the unique roles of each PFG in multitrophic plant-microbial
interactions (Table 2, and Figure 5). During the early flowering stage
(pre-drought), all PFGs and their combinations exhibited similar impacts
on soil functions (Figure 3). However, when drought was induced,
extractable NH\textsubscript{4}, NO\textsubscript{3}, and N
mineralization became significantly influenced by PFGs (Table 1). This
influence was primarily driven by the presence of N-fixing plants, both
in isolation (\emph{p} \textless{} 0.05) and in combination with other
species (\emph{p} \textless{} 0.05) (Figure 5). Notably,
NH\textsubscript{4} exhibited a negative correlation with N-fixing
plants, whereas NO\textsubscript{3} and N mineralization displayed a
positive relationship with N-fixing plants (Table 2 and Figure 5).
Following the recovery from drought, many of these effects of PFGs on
soil functions also rebounded. The relationships between soil
extractable phosphate and PHOS activity with microbial richness remained
largely unaffected by PFGs, with the exception of the presence of C4
plants during the recovery phase (Table 2 and Figure 5).

\textbf{DISCUSSION}

This study represents a substantial advance in our understanding of the
intricate relationships among microbial and plant diversity,
particularly of plant functional groups (PFGs) and their impacts on
essential soil functions under water-limiting conditions. Our results
are supported by previous research, emphasizing the potential adverse
effects of microbial and plant diversity loss on ecosystem functions ,
while advancing the discipline by revealing that the composition of
plant communities, particularly their functional groups, could be a
dominant predictor of soil functions that could also affect microbial
response to environmental stressors. Crucially, our findings contribute
further evidence to the growing body of research that highlights the
sensitivity of biotic interactions between plant and microbial diversity
to biodiversity loss . Of note, our results underline that the
composition of plant communities, with a special focus on functional
groups, significantly impacts the rate and resilience of key soil
functions . This highlights the imperative need for holistic evaluations
that encompass both above- and belowground biodiversity loss, coupled
with explicit consideration of functional groups, in the development of
effective management and conservation policies.

One of the intriguing aspects we observed is the dynamic nature of the
effects of PFGs and diversity on soil functions over time and in
relation to various microbial processes. At the early pre-planting
stage, we detected a negative impact of soil microbial diversity loss on
soil nitrogen cycling and inorganic nitrogen concentrations. The
decrease in soil bacterial diversity was associated with a significant
reduction in nitrate accumulation in low-diversity soil (D6), suggesting
a direct negative relationship between the rate of nitrification and
microbial diversity . The loss of the nitrifier bacterial community,
responsible for converting ammonium into nitrate, coincided with
declining microbial diversity . This effect was likely amplified in the
absence of plants at the pre-planting stage. Similarly, we observed low
mineralization rates due to the higher microbial consumption of ammonium
and excess accumulation of nitrate, where no competition occurred
between different microbial communities and no plant nutrient demand was
present .

During the early flowering stage (pre-drought), the impact of plants on
soil functions, particularly the N cycle, was predominant, explaining
approximately 98\% of the variance. This effect was not surprising, as
it was primarily attributed to the presence of N2-fixing plants, known
for their influence on N pool dynamics . More novel however was
identifying the fundamental role of PFGs in elucidating how ecosystem
functions respond to climate change . For example, PFGs emerged as the
primary factor accounting for the majority of the effects of plant
species richness on soil functions during drought. In our statistical
analyses, it is important to acknowledge the potential confounding
effect between PFGs and plant species richness, where the presence of
both variables in the model may make it challenging to disentangle their
individual contributions to observed outcomes.

Specifically, our findings align with the concept that the influence of
plant diversity on ecosystem functions is intricately linked to the
presence of greater plant functional diversity . This is exemplified by
a positive correlation we observed between the rate of N mineralization
and microbial richness in the presence of legumes during drought
conditions. Legumes increase soil N availability by
N\textsubscript{2}fixation with microbial symbionts, and the
mineralization of N-rich legume litter . Therefore, presence of legumes
increases N mineralization rates, but soil biodiversity loss may lead to
decrease in legume performance and hence soil functions . For example, a
recent study reports the detrimental effect of soil biodiversity loss,
which decreased the plant yield under drought conditions . However, a
different pattern emerged in the case of the P-cycle. Plant species
richness had minimal impact on phosphate across all microbial diversity
levels. Still, it did strengthen the relationship of PHOS enzyme
activity with plant species richness and showed a significant positive
correlation with microbial richness. Notably, plants themselves play a
role in P cycling as plant roots exude phosphatases as well as
carboxylic acids that can solubilize PO\textsubscript{4} . In
particular, N\textsubscript{2}-fixers have a high P demand, possibly
explaining why an increase in PHOS activity was observed, without an
increase in P. This finding is consistent with a previous study which
observed that biodiversity strengthens plant and soil feedback and hence
increases P cycling . These findings significantly advance our
understanding of how environmental stressors alter the relative
contributions of microbial communities to soil functions . Moreover,
global change drivers, including warming, drought, land use
intensification, and other anthropogenic activities, pose threats to
both plant and soil biodiversity . In line with our hypothesis, the
results indicate that the strength and direction of plant diversity's
effects on soil functions are influenced by microbial diversity during
drought.

Specifically, under drought conditions, microbial diversity become one
of the most important drivers of function. The likely reduction in plant
metabolic and growth rates during drought, combined with the microbial
ability to sustain these functions under stress, can elucidate this
shift in relative contribution . Microbes engage in dynamic interactions
with plants and enhance their resilience during changing environmental
stress. As an example, microbes are known to release extracellular
polymeric substances into the soil, enhancing water retention capacity .
While a previous study reported no significant impact of microbial
diversity loss on primary production , our findings in this study
indicate a positive influence of microbial diversity in reinforcing the
effects of plant diversity on soil functions. These effects are relative
and context-dependent. Therefore, these varying responses could be
attributed to differences in resource availability and other abiotic
conditions , indicating a context-dependent relationship between
plant-soil biodiversity and functions under climate change. This is
further supported by the finding that fungal richness may have been
indirectly influencing plant composition importance in predicting
aboveground functions (.

Most importantly, our results suggest that PFGs play a pivotal role in
driving context dependency in the BEF relationships supporting and
helping explain prior observations. For example, our results are
consistent with the few studies that examine plant functional group
identity and richness independently of species richness . Our findings
also imply that the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem processes
exhibit variation based on the types and traits of plants involved both
within and among PFGs . This is consistent with evidence that increasing
the number of PFGs in grassland plots increased primary productivity ,
especially if the PFGs differed in their resource use strategies, such
as nitrogen fixation or rooting depth and even when holding species
richness constant . Similarly, a meta-analysis by showed that the impact
of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning was stronger when PFGs were
defined based on traits related to resource acquisition and allocation,
rather than taxonomic affiliation. These reports exemplify how PFGs can
modulate the BEF relationship by influencing the complementarity and
redundancy of species within ecosystems.

In conclusion, this study employed an innovative experimental design to
provide mechanistic insights into the relative significance of plant and
microbial diversity, PFGs, and their interplay in shaping essential soil
functions amid environmental stressors. The results clearly illustrate
that while plant diversity can enhance soil functions, increasing plant
species richness cannot fully compensate for the loss of microbial
diversity. Moreover, the decline in microbial diversity directly
influences the magnitude of plant diversity impact on soil functions.
The significance of soil microbial diversity was particularly pronounced
in the under and environmental stress, where PFGs mediate microbial
responses to drought. Hence, both plant species richness and PFGs play
pivotal roles in shaping soil functions . These findings underscore the
vital need to conserve both microbial and plant diversity, paying close
attention to PFGs, in order to maintain the stability of multiple soil
functions in a changing world and advances our understanding of the
intricate interactions between above- and belowground biodiversity and
their combined effects on soil functions. It provides a new line of
future investigation to unravel the specific mechanisms governing these
interactions and elucidate their broader implications for sustainable
agriculture and ecosystem management. Such knowledge is essential for
the development of effective strategies to preserve both above- and
belowground biodiversity, ensuring the long-term health and productivity
of our ecosystems.

\textbf{AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS}

R.H.J., C.S.C.M., M.D.-B., P.B.R and B.K.S conceived and designed the
original ideas of this study. The microcosm experiment was conducted by
R.H.J, and C.S.C.M. Q-PCR analysis was carried out by H.L.
Bioinformatics analyses were performed by R.H.J., and J-T.W. Statistical
analyses were performed by R.H.J. The first draft of the paper was
written by R.H.J., with subsequent revisions by E.E., C.A.M., M.D.-B.,
P.B.R and B.K.S. All authors contributed to the final draft.

\textbf{ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS}

The project was funded by Australian Research Council (DP210102081). R.
H. J. acknowledges support from graduate research school scholarships,
Western Sydney University (WSU). For the experimental study (microcosm),
authors thank the technical support in sample collections and laboratory
analysis, particularly P. Singh, B. Batista, and P. Matta. E.E. is
supported by an Australia Research Council DECRA Fellowship
(DE210101822). J.T.W. acknowledge support from RSF of WSU. M.D-B.
acknowledges support from
TED2021-130908B-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/Uni\selectlanguage{ngerman}ón Europea
NextGenerationEU/PRTR and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and
Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by
MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. P.B.R acknowledges support by the U.S.
the National Science Foundation, Biological Integration Institutes grant
NSF-DBI-2021898.

\textbf{FUNDING INFORMATION}

The project was funded by Australia Research Council (DP170104634 and
DP210102081).

\textbf{ORCID}

Ramesha H Jayaramaiah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-9664

Catarina S. C. Martins https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7029-4054

Eleonora Egidi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-2355

Catriona A. Macdonald https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9239-4593

Jun-Tao Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1822-2176

Hongwei Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8200-8801

Peter B. Reich http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-662X

Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-576X

Brajesh K. Singh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4413-4185

\textbf{REFERENCES}



\textbf{Figures}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image1/image1}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Figure 1.} \textbf{Schematic illustration of the factorial
design of the microcosm glasshouse experiment to manipulate both soil
and plant diversity simultaneously.} (a) Dilution to extinction approach
to create three soils diversity levels (10\textsuperscript{-0} -- High,
10\textsuperscript{-2} -- Intermediate, 10\textsuperscript{-6} -- Low).
(b) Plant diversity gradients -- from a pool of six plant species with
different functional groups (C3, C4 and N-fixing). The experiment
timeline consists of Soil diversity manipulation, microbial biomass
recovery, preparation of microcosms, plant diversity establishment, two
weeks of drought treatment and recovery for four weeks after rewetting.
There were total 203 microcosms and five sampling events.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image2/image2}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Figure 2.} \textbf{The relative contribution of microbial
diversity, plant richness, functional groups, and induced drought to
individual soil pools and processes.} The importance of predictor
variables is explained as the percentage of explained variance
(R\textsuperscript{2} represents total variances), taken from the
absolute values of their regression coefficients.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image3/image3}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Figure 3.} \textbf{Links between key soil functions and plant
and microbial diversity.} Correlation (spearman \selectlanguage{greek}ρ\selectlanguage{english}) between five soil
functions and microbial diversity across plant diversity treatments,
measured at (i) pre -drought, (ii) drought, and (iii) after recovery.
Soil functions were correlated against plant species richness and in
individual soil dilution levels. Further, bacterial, and fungal
richness, diversity and composition were correlated with soil functions
in each plant richness level. Significant (\emph{p} \textless{}0.05)
correlations are indicated by *.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image4/image4}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Figure 4.} \textbf{Effects of plant species richness and soil
diversity on soil pools and processes} . Relationship between soil
functions and plant species richness were explored in each soil
diversity levels at early flowering stage (pre-drought) (i), during
drought (ii), and after recovery (iii). The relationship between
observed plant richness and (a) ammonium, (b) nitrate, (c) phosphate,
(d) rate of N mineralization, and (e) acid phosphatase activity.
Significant plant richness effects were shown with regression lines.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image5/image5}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Figure 5.} Influence of PFGs on the relationship between
microbial richness (bacterial observed species) and soil pools such as
ammonium (a), nitrate (b), phosphate (c), and processes such as rate of
N mineralization (d), and acid phosphatase activity (e), during drought.
Significant relationships were shown with regression lines.

\textbf{Table 1.} F-statistic for the effects of microbial diversity
(MD), plant richness (PR), plant functional groups (PFGs), drought (D)
and their interactions on belowground pools and processes from multiple
regression models.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llllllll@{}}
\toprule
\textbf{Function} & \textbf{Treatment var.} & \textbf{Pre-drought} &
\textbf{Pre-drought} & \textbf{Drought} & \textbf{Drought} &
\textbf{After recovery} & \textbf{After recovery}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
& & \textbf{F \emph{p}} & \textbf{AIC} & \textbf{F \emph{p}} &
\textbf{AIC} & \textbf{F \emph{p}} & \textbf{AIC}\tabularnewline
Ammonium & MD & \textbf{0.10} & 418 & \textbf{27.77***} & 263 & 1.62 &
206\tabularnewline
& PR & \textbf{14.49***} & 402 & \textbf{27.85***} & 284 & 2.08 &
205\tabularnewline
& PFGs & \textbf{50.70***} & \textbf{222} & \textbf{13.58***} & 242 &
\textbf{4.99***} & 186\tabularnewline
& MD x PR & 0.31 & 409 & \textbf{16.37***} & 207 & 0.75 &
209\tabularnewline
& MD x PFGs & 0.98 & 239 & \textbf{9.37***} & \textbf{80} &
\textbf{7.46***} & \textbf{121}\tabularnewline
& MD x PR x D & & & 0.95 & 216 & 0.02 & 220\tabularnewline
& MD x PFGs x D & & & 0.13 & 113 & 0.25 & 161\tabularnewline
& MD & 2.53 & 561 & \textbf{32.63***} & 1024 & 0.70 &
1023\tabularnewline
& PR & \textbf{47.46***} & 522 & 0.06 & 1079 & \textbf{75.70***} &
957\tabularnewline
& PFGs & \textbf{32.56***} & 422 & \textbf{11.3***} & 1022 &
\textbf{58.73***} & \textbf{805}\tabularnewline
Nitrate & MD x PR & 1.93 & 520 & \textbf{7.18***} & 1015 & 2.84 &
958\tabularnewline
& MD x PFGs & 1.41 & \textbf{421} & \textbf{6.77***} & \textbf{883} &
0.86 & 818\tabularnewline
& MD x PR x D & & & 0.90 & 1021 & 0.63 & 965\tabularnewline
& MD x PFGs x D & & & 0.44 & 893 & 0.55 & 824\tabularnewline
& MD & 0.33 & 1118 & \textbf{46.63***} & 1003 & 2.85 &
675\tabularnewline
& PR & \textbf{15.77***} & \textbf{1101} & \textbf{23.63***} & 1056 &
2.75 & 676\tabularnewline
& PFGs & \textbf{18.14***} & 1028 & \textbf{5.80***} & 1052 & 5.23 &
655\tabularnewline
N Mineralization & MD x PR & 0.13 & 1109 & \textbf{39.83***} & 912 &
1.55 & 677\tabularnewline
& MD x PFGs & 0.69 & 1048 & \textbf{22.90***} & \textbf{778} &
\textbf{5.20***} & \textbf{611}\tabularnewline
& MD x PR x D & & & 0.21 & 921 & 0.19 & 688\tabularnewline
& MD x PFGs x D & & & 0.30 & 809 & 0.36 & 648\tabularnewline
& MD & 0.05 & 311 & 0.72 & 678 & 1.67 & 510\tabularnewline
& PR & \textbf{31.25***} & 280 & 2.28 & 675 & \textbf{6.922**} &
505\tabularnewline
& PFGs & \textbf{51.00***} & \textbf{113} & \textbf{3.21**} &
\textbf{667} & \textbf{7.67***} & \textbf{474}\tabularnewline
Phosphate & MD x PR & 1.34 & 285 & 0.09 & 681 & \textbf{3.85*} &
501\tabularnewline
& MD x PFGs & 0.65 & 135 & 0.34 & 692 & 1.55 & 478\tabularnewline
& MD x PR x D & & & 0.58 & 691 & 0.11 & 507\tabularnewline
& MD x PFGs x D & & & 0.74 & 712 & 0.60 & 503\tabularnewline
& MD & \textbf{22.61***} & \textbf{783} & \textbf{41.94***} & 602 &
\textbf{60.75***} & \textbf{728}\tabularnewline
& PR & 0.27 & 821 & \textbf{17.17***} & 654 & 0.21 & 822\tabularnewline
& PFGs & 0.93 & 827 & \textbf{3.12**} & \emph{661} & 1.72 &
822\tabularnewline
Phosphatase & MD x PR & 1.11 & 786 & 0.62 & 579 & 1.26 &
731\tabularnewline
activity & MD x PFGs & 0.71 & 805 & 0.91 & 598 & 0.91 &
735\tabularnewline
& MD x PR x D & & & 0.31 & \textbf{572} & 0.77 & 738\tabularnewline
& MD x PFGs x D & & & 0.65 & 599 & 1.12 & 755\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) explains the best fit model using
the fewest possible independent variables. Significant differences
at\emph{p} \textless{}0.001 (***), \emph{p} \textless{}0.01 (**),
\emph{p}\textless{}0.05 (*) are in bold.

\textbf{Table 2.} Influence of plant functional groups on the microbial
diversity soil function relationships at early flowering stage (a),
during drought (b), and after recovery (c) as explained by multiple
linear regression models.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Microbial richness x plant functions groups\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Microbial richness x plant functions groups\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Bacterial richness (OTUs)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Bacterial richness (OTUs)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Bacterial richness (OTUs)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Fungal richness (OTUs)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Fungal richness (OTUs)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Fungal richness (OTUs)}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
(a) Pre-drought\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
(b) Drought\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
(c) After Recovery\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
(a) Pre-drought\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
(b) Drought\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
(c) After Recovery\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Function}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Predictor Var.\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{p} value\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{p} value\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{p} value\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{p} value\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{p} value\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{p} value\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Ammonium}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Intercept\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.388\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.372\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.087\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.722\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.004}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.068\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.778\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.006}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.942\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.970\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.052\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.008}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.044}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.008}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4-C3-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.104\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.011}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.089\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.510\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C3-C3-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.102\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.106\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4-Nfix-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.110\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.004}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.119\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.009}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Nitrate}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Intercept\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.003}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.012}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.889\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.086\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.154\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.887\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.413\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.119\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.166\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.129\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.168\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.273\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.878\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.147\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.766\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.850\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.744\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.003}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.053\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4-C3-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.247\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.236\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.335\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.009}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.203\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C3-C3-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.222\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.220\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.324\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.009}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.227\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4-Nfix-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.229\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.221\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.351\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.232\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Phosphate}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Intercept\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.785\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.407\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.669\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.179\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.550\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.005}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.189\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.930\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.008}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.992\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.311\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.077\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.753\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.919\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.101\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.772\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.026\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.373\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.528\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.351\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.690\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4-C3-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.657\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.618\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.063\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.904\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.868\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.118\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C3-C3-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.887\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.176\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.115\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.721\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.823\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.232\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4-Nfix-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.565\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.290\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.305\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.642\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.979\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.727\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Ammonification}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Intercept\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.002\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.978\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.004\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.931\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.081\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.081\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.964\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.110\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.262\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.948\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.302\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.006\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.909\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.003\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.010}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.973\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.031}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.324\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.275\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.004\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4-C3-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.412\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.056\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.466\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.379\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C3-C3-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.189\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.021}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.217\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.188\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4-Nfix-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.272\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.325\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Phosphatase activity}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Intercept\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.220\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.114\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.357\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3836\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.725\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.833\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.309\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.628\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.638\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.7241\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.814\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.596\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.545\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.298\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.558\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1918\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.431\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.394\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.255\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.415\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.869\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4-C3-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.6574\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.093\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.501\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.327\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.249\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.507\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C3-C3-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4454\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.945\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.585\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.359\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.526\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.320\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
C4-Nfix-Nfix\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.9188\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.939\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.630\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.768\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.795\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.880\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

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